A new footwear technology to promote non-heelstrike landing and enhance running performance: Fact or fad?

This study sought to compare the kinetics and kinematics data in a group of habitual shod runners when running in traditional running shoes and newly designed minimalist shoes with lug platform. This novel footwear design claims to simulate barefoot running and reduce energy loss during impact. We compared footstrike angle (FSA), vertical average (VALR) and instantaneous (VILR) loading rates, energy loss and initial vertical stiffness between two shoe conditions. Runners demonstrated a decreased FSA while running in minimalist shoes with lug platform than traditional shoes (P = 0.003; Cohen’s d = 0.918). However, we did not observe a landing pattern transition. VALR and VILR between two footwear conditions showed no significant difference (P = 0.191–0.258; Cohen’s d = 0.304–0.460). Initial vertical stiffness (P = 0.032; Cohen’s d = 0.671) and energy loss (P = 0.044; Cohen’s d = 0.578) were greater when running in minimalist shoes with lug platform. The results show that minimalist shoes with lug platform reduce the FSA but may not lead to a landing pattern switch or lower vertical loading rates. Interestingly, the new shoe design leads to a greater energy loss than traditional running shoes, which could be explained by a higher initial vertical stiffness.     

优秀女子网球运动员职业过渡阶段年度训练与参赛规律研究

摘要：通过文献资料法、专家访谈法和数理统计法,透过对优秀女子网球运动员职业过渡阶段年度参赛的多项指标进行分析,旨在为我国处于该阶段的优秀女子网球运动员的成长提供参考。结论如下,年度训练周期安排以“板块”小周期训练为主,采用赛练结合的小周期训练模式;赛间训练是网球运动员训练年度周期划分的一种灵活方式,训练内容、时间与强度与比赛强度和成绩有关,比赛强度越大,调整和恢复训练比重越大。比赛获胜时,运动员更容易接受教练员安排的训练内容。优秀女子网球运动员17岁进入职业过渡阶段,其完成职业过渡阶段路径可归为普通型、数量型和效率型三种类型,这与运动员身体条件和打法类型有关,高大型运动员以参赛效率为主,而身体条件较好的选手以参赛数量为主。根据运动员的打法特点,选择性参加快速或慢速场地比赛,且尽可能参加高级别赛事。运动员通常以2~3站比赛作为一个参赛单位,参赛密度逐渐增加,高级别数量增多,效率型运动员全年参赛级别呈“倒U型”分布,普通型运动员参赛级别差异性最小,数量型运动员参赛级别差异最大。     

我国速滑运动员科学选材现状分析

为了使我国速滑运动员选材阶段的划分更加合理、指标更加科学、评价方法更加规范,采用对近年来我国速滑运动员科学选材文献资料进行收集、分析、整理和各地速滑运动员选材情况进行调查的方法,发现我国速滑运动员科学选材工作现状处于缺乏科学系统性的停滞状态,速滑选材仍以经验选材为主;提出速滑运动员的选材应以生物年龄划分为4个阶段,且应在充分考虑遗传因素的前提下,对各阶段进行不同的身体形态、身体机能、身体素质、心理因素和专项成绩等方面的测试,并参考教练员对运动员的评价;建议尽快完善我国速滑运动员科学选材机构,提高基层教练员科学选材的基本知识和技能。     

环太湖地区经济变迁与体育旅游发展的思考

通过调查研究发现,环太湖地区人们对体育旅游的认知度还不够高,市场开发体系还不够健全,“环太湖体育圈”规划还不够完善,缺乏经营人才与特色品牌。提出了健全体育旅游市场的开发和促销体系及“以人为本”的管理体系,确立环太湖地区体育旅游发展的品牌与“人才兴区”战略。     

中国乒乓球男队主要对手的技战术分析

运用文献法、录像观察法、三段技术统计法,对当前中国乒乓球男队的主要竞争对手柳承敏、萨姆索诺夫、波尔进行了微观的技术剖析,并提出了相应的应对策略。研究还表明,如果继续沿用以前的三段技术评估标准,应做如下补充：一段不及格,两段优秀和一段不及格,一段及格,一段优秀,均可获胜;如果不沿用以前的评估标准,应做如下修敌：把相持段的得分率和使用率的数值下调,下调的幅度应做进一步的、大样本的研究。     

论10～12岁少儿游泳运动员准备期耐力训练与速度训练相结合方法

如何搞好少儿游泳运动员的基础训练,特别是准备期训练是教练员们所关心的问题。试图通过研究,找出合理安排游泳运动员训练准备期的方法,为其打下良好的基础。     

社会转型期民族传统体育的再认识

概述了民族体育的基本文化内涵和特征,研究了在新的社会转型期民族体育的基本核心及其内在发展规律,阐述了民族体育在社会转型期的价值取向,同时就社会转型期民族传统体育发展的应对措施作了相应的分析。     

Motor control of practice and actual strokes by professional and amateur golfers differ but feature a distance-dependent control strategy

Abstract

We explored how practice and actual putting strokes differed between professionals and high-level golf amateurs, and how practice strokes reflected subtle differences in putting distances. We analysed swing amplitude, impact velocity, and acceleration profile of the club-head. The acceleration profiles showed that the motor control pattern of the practice stroke differed from that of the actual stroke. To clarify the effects of different putting distances on the practice stroke and to analyse how much the actual stroke could be explained by the practice stroke, we conducted individual regression analyses. The practice strokes of all participants could be divided into three strategies and five types by the coefficient of determination and the slope. This implies that the purpose of the practice stroke varied among golfers. Most golfers used the individual velocity criteria in their practice strokes, which resulted in different putting distances based on their criteria. Unexpectedly, we found no significant difference in skill level between professionals and high-level amateurs. The results of this study imply that the practice stroke does not duplicate the actual stroke, even for professional golfers with excellent skills. However, most high-level golfers adopted distance-dependent control strategies for slightly different putting distances.     

UNIX与Web 数据结构分析设计及其数据转换研究

分析UNIX系统“广西高校图书馆计算机管理集成系统”的书目数据库的数据结构,研究“Web馆藏查询系统”的书目数据库、流通数据库的数据结构,将UNIX系统的书目数据转换为Windows NT系统“Web馆藏查询系统”用的数据,给出有较大参考价值的已经实际使用的数据结构。     

具有Z_8-等变性质的平面七次哈密顿向量场的一般形式及其相图（英文）

本文给出了具有Z8-等变性质的七次平面哈密顿向量场的一般形式,并给出了部分相图。