Evolutionary biology today

“For a biologist”, wrote Sir Peter Medawar, “the alternative to thinking in evolutionary terms is not to think at all”. Yet, at the end of an education in biology in most Indian universities, this is not quite the view of evolutionary biology that one is left with. Evolution is presented summarily, almost as a footnote, rather than as a vital branch of biology providing the conceptual foundation for our modern views about the living world. In this issue ofResonance, we remember Stephen Jay Gould, who wrote extensively and eloquently about evolution for a general audience. It seems fitting, then, to also briefly discuss why evolutionary biology is important, not only conceptually but also in terms of practical applications. In this first part of a series of articles on modern evolutionary biology, we examine why the idea of evolution is so important in our intellectual history, and also take a look at the domain of evolutionary biology as a discipline. Amitabh Joshi studies and teaches evolutionary genetics and population ecology at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore. His current research interests are in life-history, evolution, the evolutionary genetics of biological clocks, the evolution of ecological specialization dynamics. He also enjoys music (especially traditional qawali in Braj, Farsi, Punjabi and Urdu), history, philosophy, and reading and writing poetry in Urdu, Hindi and English.     

幼儿教师新课程活动角色的适应

素质教育体制下,政府的基础教育课程价值取向发生了改变,导致政府课程管理模式发生了转型。这使得幼儿 教师由原来的“教书匠”转变为了新课程活动状态中的“研究者”、“开发者”,即由原课程的“忠实”角色转向了新课程的“创生” 角色。由此,适应新角色成为了幼儿教师在新课程活动中所面临的主要任务。     

从历史上三次中外文化交流看马克思主义中国化

从马克思主义的传播与古代印度佛教的传入，近代西学东渐的比较研究中，可以看到外来化能否在中国存在和发展主要取决于三个因素，即：中国社会现实有无这种需要从及需的程度，与中国传统化有无契合点和内在联系，本身是否具有真理性和科学性；从而充分揭示了马克思主义在中国广泛传播及其中国化的历史必然性以及化选择的内在规律和现实意义。     

关联-适应框架下的反语研究

语用学和认知语言学为反语的研究提供了不同的视角。但是,现有的运用单一理论对反语解释的研究方法,由于理论本身的局限性和反语现象的复杂性,存在着一定的问题。采用把关联理论和适应论结合所得到的关联-适应模式来解释反语,可吸取两个理论各自的优点,对反语进行更深层次的理解和解释,从而形成对反语现象完整的认识。     

时空纠结下的西比尔神话——对也斯《玉杯》的文本细读

也斯是香港著名的小说家,他的《玉杯》是对周穆王故事进行的现代改编,他在文本中采用了空间化的叙事策略,文本空间是在对神话的改编中建构的,叙事空间体现了戏剧性。作品具有时间感,是主体的一种本能体验。穆王这个形象具有否定性,是为了完成都市话语指涉而设计的,表达了现代人对现实的关注和体认。作品具有鲜活的生命力。     

Shakespeare,adaptation and ‘matters of trust’

This article describes an empirical study of the ways in which one group of adaptors transformed the plays of William Shakespeare into the medium of the comic book for use in school classrooms. It explores the choices, dilemmas, processes and responsibilities they experienced in doing so. These adaptors had to tackle the burden of ‘Shakespeare’ – what he has come to mean in world literature, the popular imagination, and education – as well as attempting to make the text both appealing and understandable to their intended readers – teenagers studying the plays in school. It is argued that they viewed this task as a pedagogic one and saw the notion of ‘trust’ as central to it. The article therefore has a second aim, which is to use these empirical findings to explore the concept of ‘trust’ and, in particular to outline its relevance for educational research. Using the work of the philosopher Katharine Hawley and the literary theorist Umberto Eco, it is shown that the relational concept of trust is a helpful way of articulating the process of adapting Shakespeare’s work. In the conclusion the ways in which the concept might illuminate broader educational issues related to knowledge, assessment and learning are highlighted.     

动画教育教学中的剧本改编——以中日韩动画剧本改编为例

在中、日、韩三国各自国家动画史上具有代表性意义的作品中,就故事的创作方式而言,改编量最大的是中国动画,其次是韩国,日本的原创故事量相对而言是最多的。这似乎很契合当前三国原创动画的发展状况。同时,各个国家在故事改编上不仅具有量上的差别,同时在故事的选材,题材选择以及改变风格上有各自特点。对这三个国家动画剧本改编的比较分析落脚到中国动画的创作上,会对中国的动画教育教学创作有些什么启示呢？     

脑瘫学生学校适应与学校支持系统的相关研究

本文采用吴武典、庄明贞、黄玉贞编制的《学生在校生活状况问卷》和自编的《脑瘫学生学校支持系统问卷》对小学阶段脑瘫学生学校适应、学校支持系统的现状进行调查,对脑瘫学生的学校适应现状、学校支持系统现状、学校适应与学校支持系统关系进行分析。结果表明:脑瘫学生学校适应与学校支持系统之间的多个维度都显著相关;脑瘫学生所获得的学校支持越高,其学校适应随之越好;脑瘫学生学校支持系统中环境支持、教师支持、同伴支持、考评支持能显著影响学校适应总体。     

城市化进程中传统社区民间信仰活动的变迁与适应——以广东省潮州市枫溪区"游神赛会"活动为例

在城市化进程中,广东省潮州市枫溪区W社区的"游神赛会"民间信仰活动在内容、参与方式、动机等方面都经历着世俗化与理性化的变迁.在这一变迁中,W社区"游神赛会"呈现出神圣性与世俗性、组织性与分散性、全民性与个体性并存的趋势,而这一趋势在不断融入现代生活的同时,对于未来社区发展有着值得注意的社会学价值.     

青少年心理控制源与社会适应行为的关系

以广州市中学生601人为被试,采用＂内—外心理控制源量表＂和＂青少年社会适应行为量表＂,探讨广州市中学生心理控制源与社会适应行为的关系。结果发现：（1）不同学校环境对青少年的心理控制源影响有显著差异,重点学校学生表现得更内控;（2）青少年心理控制源与社会适应行为显著关系,其中与适应良好行为呈负相关,与适应不良行为呈正相关;（3）青少年心理控制源可以预测社会适应行为,其中对适应良好行为起负向预测作用,对适应不良行为起正向预测作用。研究结论：心理控制源能够影响社会适应行为。