赏识育人效果好

如何教育学生才能收到春风化雨、润物无声的效果呢？笔者从陶行知赏识育人的故事中得到灵感,在教育教学中运用赏识教育的理念去育人,会收到良好的教育效果。     

科研项目间接费用补偿的激励作用研究

间接费用的补偿是科研项目经费管理的重要内容。本文从中国间接费用管理实践中存在的问题与现有研究的不足出发,首先分析了间接费用的定义与内涵,提出间接费用在政府科研资助、经费管理体系中的激励作用。其次,在委托代理理论框架下建立了间接费用补偿激励作用的分析模型,并提出影响其激励作用的关键因素。再次,基于国际实践的分析归纳形成两种典型的间接费用补偿模式,并分析其激励作用。最后,基于中国实践提出对科研项目间接费用补偿管理改革的政策建议。     

基于DSGE模型的碳减排目标和碳排放政策效应研究

伴随着中国经济的高速发展,能源消耗和二氧化碳排放大幅增加,环境问题影响经济的可持续增长已是不争的事实,然而国内很少有文献系统地研究碳排放政策对我国经济增长的影响。本文通过建立一个动态随机一般均衡(DSGE)模型,比较了相同减排目标下,没有碳排放政策、碳排放强度、碳排放上限和碳税四种不同碳排放政策的优劣,分别分析了在20%和40%的减排目标下,这四种政策对宏观经济变量稳态值的影响,并利用1980年到2012年的我国碳排放量和GDP数据模拟了正向的技术冲击和污染中间产品效率冲击对经济的影响。研究结果表明:①在相同的碳减排目标下,碳排放强度政策较其他政策更能促进经济的平稳增长,达到稳态值损失的社会福利最小。碳排放上限政策和碳排放税政策对经济的影响相同;②两种冲击在没有碳排放政策的情况下对经济均有长期的影响,且技术冲击的影响程度更大;③技术进步和污染中间产品使用效率的提高具有回弹效应。     

——基于外商直接投资的中介效应检验

运用考虑非期望产出的SBM模型,在测度长江经济带沿线102个城市2004-2018年绿色创新效率的基础上,构建中介效应模型实证分析外商直接投资在环境规制对绿色创新效率影响的中介效应,并基于门槛回归模型,综合考察环境规制在不同FDI发展水平下对长江经济带沿线城市绿色创新效率的影响机制。研究结果表明：(1)研究期内,长江经济带102个城市的绿色创新效率存在较大的空间非均衡性,长江上游和长江中游的绿色创新效率基本保持稳定,长江下游的平均绿色创新效率呈现出不断上升的趋势。(2)加强环境规制,对于绿色创新效率具有显著促进作用,外商直接投资在环境规制对城市绿色创新效率的影响中具有部分中介作用,政府加强环境规制可以在一定程度上有效限制污染型行业外商直接投资的流入,从而促进长江经济带沿线城市进一步提升城市绿色创新效率。(3)在不同FDI发展区间内,环境规制对长江经济带沿线城市绿色创新效率的影响方向并不相同,存在双门槛效应,跨过第一门槛值8.293后,环境规制对城市绿色创新效率由促进作用变为抑制作用,跨过第二门槛值11.695后,环境规制对城市绿色创新效率又再次变为促进作用。     

Expertise Reversal Effect and Its Implications for Learner-Tailored Instruction

The interactions between levels of learner prior knowledge and effectiveness of different instructional techniques and procedures have been intensively investigated within a cognitive load framework since mid-90s. This line of research has become known as the expertise reversal effect. Apart from their cognitive load theory-based prediction and explanation, patterns of empirical findings on the effect fit well those in studies of Aptitude Treatment Interactions (ATI) that were originally initiated in mid-60s. This paper reviews recent empirical findings associated with the expertise reversal effect, their interpretation within cognitive load theory, relations to ATI studies, implications for the design of learner-tailored instructional systems, and some recent experimental attempts of implementing these findings into realistic adaptive learning environments.     

大气科学实验教学体系的建设与实践

大气科学专业以培养从事现代化气象业务和大气科学研究的综合性人才为目标,提升大气科学专业人才培养质量是当前的首要工作。建设大气科学教学实验室,改进实验教学体系的技术方案,改革创新教学实验方法与手段,对提高学生的专业技能和本科实验教学水平有着重要的意义。     

间硝基苯甲酸稀土配合物与大肠杆菌作用的热动力学研究

用TAMair微量热仪测定间硝基苯甲酸钐与邻菲罗啉配合物[Sm(m-NBA)3phen]2·2H2O在37.00℃时与大肠杆菌作用的产热曲线,进而算出在各种浓度配合物的作用下,大肠杆菌生长代谢的最大发热功率Pmax、速率常数κ、传代时间tG、抑制率I和半抑制浓度cI,50等热动力学参数.结果表明:在低浓度下[Sm(m-NBA)3phen]2·2H2O对大肠杆菌有刺激作用,高浓度下为抑制作用,即稀土配合物对微生物的生长具有双向生物效应,也称为Hormesis效应.     

我国低碳航运产业价值链的结构乘数效应

针对航运低碳投资支出巨大的问题,运用结构性乘数,对我国用于低碳航运产业价值链中的支出产生的乘数效应进行研究.由两部门计算的简单投资乘数为1.547 7,由四部门计算的投资乘数均值为1.293 1.从长期看,乘数效应反映出航运低碳产业的投资收益大于投资支出,对航运业低碳减排具有现实和经济意义.     

The majority influence on interminority attitudes: The secondary transfer effect of positive and negative contact

Among minority members, positive contact with the majority was previously found to improve not only the attitudes toward the majority but also the attitudes toward minority outgroups (the secondary transfer effect; STE). However, the roles of negative intergroup contact and minority groups’ social status in the STE have not been yet examined. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association between both positive and negative contact with the national majority group (Finns) and mutual attitudes among high-status Estonian (n = 171) and low-status Russian (n = 180) immigrants in Finland. Two mediators of the STE were tested: attitudes toward the majority (attitude generalization) and public collective self-esteem (diagonal hostility). While positive and negative STEs emerging via attitude generalization were expected to occur among both immigrant groups, the mediating effect of public collective self-esteem was assumed only for members of the low-status group. In both immigrant groups, the relationship between positive contact with the majority group and attitudes toward the other immigrant group was positive and indirect through more favorable attitudes toward majority group members. The same mechanism characterized negative contact, where the indirect effect was mediated by less positive attitudes toward Finns. As predicted, public collective self-esteem mediated the effects of positive and negative contact with majority group members on attitudes toward the other minority only among low-status Russian immigrants. The results call for the acknowledgement of different mechanisms explaining the STE among minority groups enjoying different social statuses in host society.     

观众效应研究的理论综述

观众效应是社会促进研究的一个重要领域。作者对观众效应的含义、产生的机制和影响因素等做了较为系统和深入的分析评述,针对目前观众效应的研究多偏于运动竞赛中,在体育教学中的研究比较薄弱的事实,作者指出应该扩大观众效应的研究领域．