初探田径运动员过度疲劳的恢复训练

文章运用文献资料研究方法,论述了运动员出现过度疲劳后的征状,所应采取的恢复措施及所能达到的最佳恢复效果,以期为田径训练工作提供参考和帮助。     

业余手球训练负荷安排的研究

如何从科学的角度去把握业余手球运动训练的现状,对业余手球运动训练安排十分重要的课题之一,运动负荷是以身体练习为基本手段,对有机体施加的训练刺激。在手球训练过程中根据训练任务和对象的水平,逐步地有节奏地加大运动负荷,直至最大限度。     

专项功率评价与赛艇水陆训练强度统一的研究

分析了国际上和中国赛艇队对功率评价与赛艇水陆训练强度控制问题的有关研究，对于如何把赛艇陆上测试的功与功率与水上的运动强度统一起来，如何运用功和功率在水陆训练整体评价运动员体能的方法进行了分析；对如何建立起赛艇水陆训练强度测评统一、完整的国家标准和体系进行了探讨。通过水上测试与陆上测功仪的功率数据的合理对应，能准确发现各种技能的细节问题，结合生化指标测试，就可能迅速建立起赛艇水陆训练强度测评统一、完整、先进的国家标准和体系，对2008年奥运会中国体能项目的全面突破和“119工程”的完成有实质的意义。     

Objective and subjective methods for quantifying training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games

The aim of the present study was to analyse the training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games and determine the relationship between heart rate (HR)-based training load and perceived exertion (RPE)-based training load methods among small-sided games bouts. HR-based measurements of training load included Edwards’ training load and Stagno’s training impulses (TRIMP_MOD) while RPE-based training load measurements included cardiopulmonary (session RPEres) and muscular (session RPEmus) values. Data were collected from 12 wheelchair basketball players during five consecutive weeks. The total load for the small-sided games sessions was 67.5 ± 6.7 and 55.3 ± 12.5 AU in HR-based training load (Edwards’ training load and TRIMP_MOD), while the RPE-based training loads were 99.3 ± 26.9 (session RPEres) and 100.8 ± 31.2 AU (session RPEmus). Bout-to-bout analysis identified greater session RPEmus in the third [P < 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.66, moderate] and fourth bouts (P < 0.05; ES = 0.64, moderate) than in the first bout, but other measures did not differ. Mean correlations indicated a trivial and small relationship among HR-based and RPE-based training loads. It is suggested that HR-based and RPE-based training loads provide different information, but these two methods could be complementary because one method could help us to understand the limitations of the other.     

Top-down and bottom-up guidance in comprehension of schematic football diagrams

Comprehension of a narrated diagram entail complex cognitive processing as learner is challenged to extract the orally evoked information. The present experiment examined the effects of 2 different forms of attention guidance – bottom-up and top-down – on comprehension performance, cognitive load investment, and motivation to learn, using a 2 × 2 mixed design with factors “Expertise” (Expert vs. Novice) and “Condition” (no-signal, circle, segment). The results revealed an expertise reversal effect indicating that the incorporation of visual signals in diagram is effective for novice learners but partially reverses and becomes ineffective for more experienced learners (even though they invested less mental effort and reported higher level of motivation in the segmented condition). The findings suggested that the effectiveness of instructional guidance depends heavily on levels of prior knowledge.     

高强度运动对心脏的冲击影响及信号提取研究

设计实时的肌肉组织血氧量和瞬时心率无损同步检测方案与设备,为研究高强度运动心脏的冲击影响、探讨高强度运动中代谢规律提供测试手段。方法:采用连续双波长近红外光测量肌肉中血红蛋白与肌红蛋白含氧量的变化情况;采用芬兰SUUNTO心率带和自行设计的转发器及配套PC软件测量瞬时心率,进行了100m跑同步实测试验。结果:100m跑以无氧代谢为主。起跑后的前7s为无氧代谢的非乳酸功能,肌氧饱和度曲线变化不大。7s后开始消耗肌肉中储存的氧。结论:双波长近红外光组织氧测试法和运动心率无线实时采集系统能够正确实时同步地检测高强度运动时血氧和心率,揭示了高强度运动过程中肌肉中氧的运输与消耗及心率之间的动力学过程。     

优秀竞走运动员江姗姗冬训训练负荷研究

冬训是全年训练周期中唯一不受竞赛期影响,可长时间进行系统训练的准备期,对于提高运动员竞技能力和运动成绩尤为重要。以优秀女子竞走运动员江姗姗为研究个案,运用实地调查法、数理统计法对江姗姗2020年冬训期训练情况进行梳理和总结,探析其冬训期训练负荷和生理指标变化的特点和规律,旨在为竞走项目冬训期科学化训练提供有益参考。     

运动极限适应

本文采用文献资料法、逻辑思维法等方法,从而提出运动极限适应训练思想．运动训练的基本特征是挖掘运动员最大潜力,人体运动能力是有极限的,在接近极限的临界负荷时训练效应最大。运动极限负荷训练,既不是胆大妄为,也不是盲目追求,必须是可控的和多学科支持保障的。     

我国青少年足球训练适宜负荷原则的研究

我国青少年足球训练负荷量和负荷强度搭配不合理，训练时间长但强度小，不利于运动员竞技能力的提高；青少年足球训练适宜负荷方面的理论研究水平落后。     

不同血糖指数、血糖负荷的食物对人体耐力及代谢影响

探讨运动前连续三天进食不同血糖指数（GI）、血糖负荷（GL）食物对人体耐力及代谢的影响。方法采用平衡重复测试法。7名男子耐力运动员进行两个主要实验,每个主要实验之前均进行糖原耗竭运动,随后受试者随机进食三天含相等热量的低血糖指数、低血糖负荷（L—L）,高血糖指数、低血糖负荷（H—L）的碳水化合物（CHO）食物,每个实验间隔至少7天。L—L饮食组每天提供10．0gCHO／kg体重,H—L饮食组每天提供3．0gCHO／kg体重。测试日受试者安静休息2h,首先在水平跑台上以70％V02max的强度运动1h,随后以最短时间完成10kin耐力运动能力测试。结果：连续三天进食不同血糖指数、血糖负荷食物后,L—L与H—L相比运动时间明显缩短（P〈0．05）;H—L实验组总的CHO利用量明显低于L—L实验组（P〈0．01）,总的脂肪利用量明显高于L—L实验组（P〈0．01）。