The role of university-based induction in beginning elementary teacher enactment of effective mathematics teaching

The purpose of this paper is to describe the school-based contextual constraints perceived by beginning elementary teachers as they attempted to enact their visions of effective mathematics teaching and the components of a mathematics-specific, university-based induction program designed to support elementary teachers in their teaching of mathematics. A significant number of beginning teachers in the program indicated that curriculum pacing guides and grade level teachers often discouraged their enactment of effective mathematics teaching. We describe the components of the induction program in general and then discuss the specific ways that program mentors, who were elementary teachers with expertise in mathematics teaching, supported beginning teachers in navigating the constraints identified. Data suggest that supporting teachers’ pedagogical agency to navigate local school contexts should be an additional consideration in teacher preparation and induction programs.     

美国高校助学贷款制度研究及启示

助学贷款是当今社会资助理念在高等教育机会均等过程中的具体体现。美国联邦助学贷款是其教育资助的主要形式。通过二级市场和中介机构的运作，美国助学贷款制度形成了一套完备的体系，而这对于我国的助学贷款制度的发展和完善具有重要的借鉴意义。     

The conundrum of low achievement and feedback for learning

Abstract

The literature on improving student engagement with assessment and feedback has a tendency to treat all students as if they are the same. Students with lower levels of attainment are generally under-represented within empirical studies and their feedback behaviours are less well understood. The recent drive to improve student assessment and feedback literacy and the move from ‘feedback’ being information about a task to being a process of understanding and using performance information is a larger conceptual leap for some students than others. In this paper, we consider issues surrounding the transition to new modes of feedback, focussing on what is needed for those who find study difficult and persistently are disappointed by their levels of attainment, to benefit from and take advantage of our feedback pedagogies. We examine literature advocating strategies such as increasing agency, using praise, developing feedback literacy and cultivating a growth mind-set. We argue that students who underachieve may benefit from strong relationships with educators and peers, exposure to feedback rich, low stakes environments, which permit repeated integrations of practice and feedback, and building feedback literacy through peer assessment activities.     

信用中介服务机构发展中的问题与对策

当前我国信用缺失问题严重，这与信用中介服务机构发展欠佳、征信渠道不畅、评估标准不统一等问题密切相关。需要通过加快对信用中介机构立法工作、建立全国征信数据库、培育信用产品、促进信用中介机构快速发展、建立科学严谨的评价指标体系等措施来解决。     

创设旅行社"第二代"特许经营战略模式

在我国旅行社业内,目前普遍采用的扩张战略主要有以下三种模式:在异地设立非法人分社;参股、控股异地旅行社;实行特许经营。以特许经营战略来拓展业务网络的规模具有无法比拟的优越性,但其局限性制约了旅行社扩张战略的进一步实施,通过创设“第二代”旅行社特许经营战略模式力图解决上述问题。     

我国民间审计独立性的几个问题

独立性是民间审计的灵魂和特征,是现代资本市场的一个基础构件.分析了民间审计独立性的产生及各种影响民间审计独立性的因素,提出了相应的对策.     

清代武术发展的社会学分析——以晋商环境下山西形意拳的发展为个案

文章采用个案分析法,对清代晋商环境下山西形意拳发展的社会动因进行缜密分析,认为:晋商商业经营中对经营安全的需求是山西形意拳发展的社会动因,镖局则是山西形意拳满足晋商需求的载体。山西形意拳、镖局和晋商三者互动发展、互相促进、共同繁荣,实现三赢。对三者互动关系进行剖析可得出如下结论:清代武术的空前繁荣,是由于社会对武术功能的需求和武术通过恰当的载体为需求提供了供给而实现的。希望能对现代社会中武术的发展有所启示。     

《奥义书》中的信息观念

在古印度的《奥义书》关于世间万物皆梵之显相、大梵乃万物之胎藏、空乃万有种子,以及认识被主体所中介、造物主通过语声创世等相关论述中体现着深刻的信息显现、宇宙演化全息和认识的信息中介论思想。     

知识服务机构联结与制造企业双元服务创新

开展双元服务创新既能保持制造企业在成熟产品市场的竞争力,又能开发新服务以占领新兴市场,从而保证更大竞争优势的获取。但,利用与探索将争夺本就稀缺的服务创新资源,很难同时追求。基于关系网络视角,本文提出,与知识服务机构建立联结是制造企业接近并获取服务创新资源,进而破解资源困境、促进双元服务创新的重要路径。为此,以宁波和重庆两地共296个制造企业为样本,考察知识服务机构联结对制造企业双元服务创新的影响,并对技术能力与战略柔性的调节效应进行检验。结果表明：知识服务机构联结正向促进制造企业双元服务创新;技术能力对知识服务机构联结与双元服务创新间关系的调节效应呈倒U 型;资源柔性、协调柔性正向调节知识服务机构联结与双元服务创新的关系。本研究结论对于制造企业服务创新和组织双元创新文献有着重要理论贡献,对制造企业合理配置静态、动态能力以发挥知识服务机构联结对双元服务创新的促进性影响提供了管理启示。