美、德、英三国医药领域技术转移中介组织及其运作机制研究

技术中介组织是促进医药领域科技成果直接进入流通领域,参与市场交换,并加速转化的重要中间环节。本文试图通过对美国、德国和英国三国的医药领域技术中介组织比较考察和分析,阐明建立健全我国医药科技中介组织的重要性和紧迫性,并提出建立专业化、综合化、规范化和市场化的医药科技中介组织的基本思路。     

以房养老探索研究

以房养老是西方发达国家一种成熟的养老保障方式,可以成为我国养老保障模式的一种补充,是具有多重主体的复合体。目前在我国,其操作层面存在诸多难题,文章从房产权、代理机构、房产评估与寿命预测、资金支付与购回房产等方面探讨了我国的以房养老模式。     

关于我国反垄断执法机构设置模式的思考

我国当前的反垄断执法机构是双层次的行政机关模式,第一层次是作为协调咨询机构的国务院反垄断委员会;第二层次是具体的执法机构,由国家工商总局、国家发展与改革委员会、商务部等部门组成.这种分散的执法模式虽是较为现实的选择,但却存在弊端.该机构的理想模式应当是独立、高效、权威、单一的准司法机关模式,其职权应当包括准立法权、准司法权和行政执法权.     

从“零负团费”到“品质游”——旅行社诚信经营探析

“零团费负团费”现象自20世纪90年代末以来,一直影响着我国旅游业。它以表象上的低价吸引旅游者,然后通过某种消费来弥补团费获取利润,这种营销方式最终使得旅游者对旅行社失去信任,使旅行社面临诚信危机。近年来“品质游”的提出一定程度上改善了这种状况,但“品质游”从根本上还是应该做到诚信经营,通过明白报价、优质服务吸引消费者,建立良好的市场信誉。     

Exploring young children's (mathematical) thinking: preservice teachers reflect on the use of the one-to-one interview

One-to-one interviewing is one of the most powerful ways of exploring young children's thinking. While there are a few studies which report the use of this pedagogic strategy by preservice teachers, more are needed. This paper describes an early childhood mathematics education assignment which preservice teachers in a teacher-education college in Ireland undertake with four- and five-year-old children. It presents an analysis of data from a selected sample of 58 preservice teachers' reflections on their dialogues with individual children. It describes how the preservice teachers engaged with the process of interviewing the children; how they reflected on their interactions with the children; their reflections on the children's engagement; and their reflections on young children's mathematics generally. Some dilemmas faced by the participants in the course of the interviewing are highlighted. Findings demonstrate the integrated nature of the knowledge that early childhood teachers need to teach early childhood mathematics effectively. The learning arising from this assignment relates to early childhood mathematics thinking, to the psycho-social nature of learning in early childhood and to pedagogy in early childhood education.     

Turning heads: The impact of political reform on the professional role,identity and recruitment of head teachers in Wales

This article considers the professional work, identity and recruitment of head teachers (HTs) in Wales. Drawing on the sociology of professions, the article illustrates how intensive educational policy reform post‐2011 has restricted HTs’ professional agency and re‐orientated the head teacher role towards organisational professionalism. Drawing on semi‐structured interviews (n=30) with both head and deputy head teachers, the article argues that issues with the recruitment and retention of HTs in Wales can, in part, be explained by the promotion of managerial and technicist approaches to professional practice. This role reconfiguration is the result of myriad and, at times, overlapping accountability mechanisms. The article illustrates how these changes to HT professional roles and identity are more intense within a small education system where HTs had, traditionally, enjoyed an elite professional status. To ameliorate these issues, the article proposes policy initiatives which the Welsh Government could introduce to foster the agency of HTs within a revised professional framework for educational leadership in Wales.     

Agency,sociomateriality, and configuration work

Social informatics research offers insights into the relationship between information technologies and social contexts. However, the material roles of information technologies, and their interplay with the agentic work of social actors, have not been addressed. Drawing on a field study of 37 mobile knowledge workers, we examine the dual material roles (enabling and constraining) played by information technologies in their work practices. We also investigate how these workers exert agency by fashioning multiple information technologies into a functioning digital assemblage. Although information technologies provide consequential affordances that enable mobilization of work across spaces and times, they simultaneously present design-driven, local, organizational, and temporal technological constraints that require mobile knowledge workers to engage in “configuration work” to make information technologies function effectively. Building on a sociomaterial perspective, we further discuss the interplay of information technologies and work practices enacted by mobile knowledge workers, in which both human and technological agency are materialized.     

对旅行社的社会责任问题的探讨

企业作为社会的一员,需要承担起相应的社会责任。本文以旅行社这个特殊企业为对象,认为我国的旅行社存在严重的社会责任缺失现象,并从三个方面进行了具体阐述。在此基础上,分析了我国旅行社社会责任缺失的原因。最后,提出了我国旅行社的社会责任应有的内涵。     

民俗学视域下《人生》文本细读

路遥的中篇小说《人生》蕴含着大量的民俗事象,通过解读文本,可以发现民间领袖在乡村的巨大威慑力,他们是族权与政权的结合;可以见到民俗乡约所形成的习俗惯制对俗民巨大的约束力以及俗民自觉恪守的虔诚;可以看到民俗禁忌被破坏后,俗民的恐慌与不安;同时还可欣赏到具有浓郁地方色彩的信天游民歌,品味纯正的陕北方言俗语从而感悟到作者浓厚的民间乡土情结。     

IBM's Chess Players: On AI and Its Supplements

This article investigates the ways in which the reporting of technological developments in artificial intelligence (AI) can serve as occasions in which Occidental modernity's cultural antinomies are played out. It takes as its reference point the two chess tournaments (in 1996 and 1997) between the then world champion Gary Kasparov and the IBM dedicated chess computers Deep Blue and Deeper Blue and shows how these games of chess came to be seen as an arena where fundamental issues pertaining to human identity were contested. The article considers the dominant framing of these encounters in terms of a conflict between two opposed categories—“human” and “machine”—and argues the essential role of human agency, the human supplement, in the performances of machine intelligence.