挪威的北极战略

进入新世纪后,挪威政府先后于2005年、2006年和2009年发布了三份北极战略文件,主要涉及气候变化、能源开发和同俄罗斯的关系,其主旨是保持挪威在北极的强势存在,增加能源开发、渔业等活动,推进北极相关的知识建设,维持同俄罗斯的睦邻友好关系。     

竹林七贤的几个基本问题

竹林七贤得名的缘由、过程,竹林七贤的性质和领袖等基本问题都是应重新探讨的问题。竹林"七贤"的由来不是《论语》"作者七人",而是汉末"七贤";竹林七贤的得名经历了从竹林之游、竹林名士到竹林七贤的历史过程;竹林七贤是在阴谋集团篡国夺权形势下知识分子避世隐居的集团,七贤的中心是嵇、阮、山三人,而领袖是嵇康。     

Socio-scientific reasoning and environmental literacy in a field-based ecology class

The complex environmental challenges humanity faces require citizens who are scientifically and environmentally literate. Many environmental education programs are situated in the field where students are immersed in their learning. These field-based activities are engaging but may lack opportunities for students to develop critical thinking and reasoning skills necessary to be environmentally literate. We suggest a socio-scientific issue (SSI) based teaching approach can increase epistemic engagement and lead to student gains in scientific and environmental literacy. This study describes how we modified an existing field-based ecology course, framing the learning around a local environmental socio-scientific issue. We used a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach to examine the changes in socio-scientific reasoning (SSR) over time for high school students in this course as a measure of scientific and environmental literacy. Results indicate that a focused SSI field-based environmental education curriculum can support development of socio-scientific reasoning and environmental literacy competencies among high school students.     

新疆达坂城30年气候变化趋势及大风规律研究

利用达坂城气象站1981-2010年逐年气温、降水和大风资料,分析了近30年来气温、降水及大风的年、季变化特征,结果表明:年均气温总体呈上升趋势,线性倾向率为0.33℃/10a,年1内气温的季节变化存在差异,秋季增温明显,春夏季次之;降水量线性倾向率为9.44mm/10a,气候变湿显著,降水年际变率较大且季节分配不均;Mann-Kendall突变检验表明,气温在1991年发生一次突变,变暖趋势显著,降水在1986年发生由少向多的突变过程;大风日数、平均风速呈现波动下降过程,大风日数线性趋向率为-30.5d/10a,平均风速递减率为-0.76(m/s)/10a,春季大风发生频率最高,为33%,静风频率为10.32%;主导风向以偏西风(WNW)和东南风(SE)为主。     

论民办学校营利性规定的法律问题

《民办教育促进法》中"合理回报"的规定被认为是民办教育立法中的最大亮点,然而这一规定存在着一定的法律问题,使其在现实中的效用并不理想。其中,"营利性"概念的立法界定的缺失,营利性与公益性的争论不休,"合理回报"被曲解及其在现实中缺乏配套制度,以及与相关法律的规定存在冲突等较为突出,需要我们对民办学校营利性规定加以完善。     

学校环境知觉、自我评价对青少年学校满意度的预测作用

为考察学校情境下的环境知觉、自我评价对青少年学校满意度的影响,采用感知的学校气氛、一般自我概念和学校满意度问卷对320名初中生进行调查,结果表明：初中生学校环境知觉、自我概念与学校满意度呈中等程度显著相关;发展多样性、学习压力、师生关系以及自我概念显著预测学校满意度;环境知觉对学校满意度的方差解释率相对较高,得到了青少年对学校环境知觉和自我评价分别对学校满意度具有显著预测作用的结论。     

参与式培训障碍的原因分析及处理办法——以中小学校长任职资格班为例

程序混乱、缺乏研讨氛围、深度不够往往构成参与式培训的障碍。究其原因,一方面在于培训者不能科学设计议题、急于求成,另一方面也是由参与式培训的要求与参与者本身的特点造成,如参与者有根深蒂固的防卫心理、中国人老成持重的性格倾向等。要克服参与式培训的障碍,首先,应科学预设参与议题,做到理论联系实际、难易适度、系统全面;其次,还要做好充分准备、积极创设参与氛围;最后,应有信心,坚持不懈地把参与进行下去,达到目标为止,即参与者思想的充分活跃与思维的充分碰撞。     

论气象报道写作观念的转变

随着社会的发展,新闻中气象报道写作观念也发生了四个转变：以传者为中心向以受者为中心转变;从突出宣传功能向突出信息传播功能转变;从气象信息利用向环境生态友好转变;从客观报道向深度报道转变。文章对这种转变的原因进行了探讨。     

Antecedent factors influencing ethics-related social and socio-scientific learning enjoyment

This study investigates how affective dispositions influencing students’ moral judgments can both shape their response to individual enjoyment from learning ethics (IE-LE) and predict their individual enjoyment from learning socio-scientific issues (IE-LSSI). Tenth-grade participants from southern Taiwan (n?=?770) responded to survey items that support four subscales: science classroom, news media, IE-LE and IE-LSSI. Structural equation modelling analyses of these subscales found them to be empirically separable, structurally reliable and valid for investigating how students’ affective and self-related cognitive responses can predict their self-evaluated state of IE-LE and IE-LSSI. Viewed from the impact contribution of science classroom and news media, learning enjoyment plays a pivotal role in igniting and sustaining students’ personal attention when discussing IE-LE and IE-LSSI in the classroom. The implication of this study is that by encouraging students to think ethically about issues of science and allowing them to investigate SSI-related issues from a variety of news media sources within the classroom context, teachers can provide opportunity for students to explore science issues that may be well connected to their personal enjoyment of ethics and sense of freedom to learn within a science-related classroom environment.     

冰冻圈微生物：机遇与挑战

近年来,冰冻圈微生物的研究受到广泛重视。冰冻圈的低温和严酷的生存条件,选择了具有独特适应性和多样性的微生物,这些微生物是地球生命系统和生物多样性的独特组分。冰冻圈微生物大多为冷适应微生物;其中,有许多新微生物类群,是极其重要的物种和基因资源。嗜冷微生物是揭示生物冷适应机制的模式生物,其细胞及细胞组分在低温生物工艺上显示出巨大的应用价值。冰冻圈中也封存着一些古老的未知致病性微生物。冰冻圈是地球上对气候变化最为敏感的圈层,地球的升温正加速冰冻圈的退化和消融,冰冻圈微生物赖以生存的生境正在消失,且伴随着微生物的释放。这些微生物的释放可能是人类面临的不可预知的威胁。因此,亟待开展冰冻圈微生物调查与研究,探讨其对全球变化的响应及其适应机制。