气候变化问题与我国的应对战略

全球气候变化是全球变化的核心问题,已经成为国际环境外交和国家可持续发展中的重大问题之一。我国政府对气候变化及其影响的重视与日俱增,已经确定了解决气候变化问题的基本原则,并初步确立了响应气候变化问题的立场和战略构想。本文从气候变化问题的由来、观测与研究的现状和问题、我国当前的政策和措施等方面,进一步思考应对气候变化影响和国际谈判的战略部署问题,并提出初步对策建议。     

企业创新氛围、双元组织学习与创新绩效——环境动态性的调节效应

创新氛围作为企业创新活动的“软环境”,对双元组织学习以及创新绩效具有重要影响。以高新技术企业为对象,根据大样本问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型,实证研究了企业创新氛围、双元组织学习与创新绩效之间的关系,并重点分析了双元组织学习的中介作用以及环境动态性的调节效应。结果表明：企业创新氛围对创新绩效具有显著正向影响,双元组织学习在企业创新氛围与创新绩效之间具有完全中介作用；环境动态性负向影响创新绩效,但对企业创新氛围与创新绩效关系的调节效应并不显著。研究结果不仅对企业创新氛围与双元组织学习的深入研究具有重要理论启示,同时对我国企业在经营管理实践中重视创新氛围和双元组织学习具有重要的现实指导意义。     

我国研究型高校图书情报院系研究人员国际科研产出的影响因素研究

以三元交互决定论为基本理论指导框架,就个体层面的研究自我效能感、研究结果预期和组织环境层面的组织气氛等因素对我国研究型高校图书情报院系研究人员国际科研产出的影响作用进行理论分析与实证研究。结果表明：1）研究自我效能感和国际科研行为正向影响国际科研成果,研究自我效能感通过国际科研行为的部分中介作用正向影响国际科研成果;2）国际科研行为受研究自我效能感的正向影响;3）研究自我效能感受组织气氛的正向影响;研究结果预期受研究自我效能感和组织气氛的正向影响。     

Pre-service teachers’ attempts at debating contemporary issues in science education: A case study from Botswana

This paper constitutes an attempt to explore trends, issues and challenges that emerge when three different cohorts of pre-service teachers debate contemporary issues in science education at the University of Botswana. Apart from the author's experience of teaching the course, the impetus for this study also comes from a growing interest in the contemporary literature in the need for teachers who, in the context of globalization and knowledge economy, are ‘self-reforming’ through continually addressing the key issues of their profession. Unfortunately, the current situation is such that this burden of interrogation falls heaviest on teachers, despite their lack of skills in undertaking the task.     

Boys and machines: gendered computer identities,regulation and resistance

Students negotiate their masculine and feminine identities as students of information and communication technology (ICT) and computer users as they participate in specialist ICT courses and in other areas of their lives. As they negotiate these roles, they are established in relations of power and authority with the technology and with each other. Case study research relating to students’ experiences in specialist computer courses in a New Zealand secondary school reveals a complex and dynamic picture of identity construction and subjectivity. In constructing their personal identities as computer users, males and females experience the regulatory forces of gender relations while at the same time resisting stereotypes. Students make conscious and pragmatic decisions to pursue particular computing courses and paths as they balance their options in the realisation of their possible selves as computer users and adults in the world of work. These decisions signify regulation by and resistance to gendered power relations.     

略论革命的实践与毛泽东战略决策思想的关系

毛泽东是一位产生于中国本土的革命家、战略家。他所提出的一系列重要战略决策思想是其在漫长的革命实践中,努力将马克思列宁主义同中国实践相结合,通过不断总结经验教训提炼出来,再放回到实践中加以校验并证明是正确的指导思想。毛泽东自己也说＂是靠总结经验吃饭的＂。毛泽东关于农民和农民问题的理论观点,关于实事求是和全局观的观点,都是在实践中提出,并得到丰富和发展直至完备起来的。     

普通话水平测试若干问题研究

本文回顾并总结了普通话水平测试的发展历程及其成效,阐明了普通话水平测试活动的基本要素、基本矛盾和基本规律,在此基础上,提出了普通话水平测试需要进一步研究和解决的相关问题。     

认同问题与跨界民族的认同

当前,认同问题的研究引人注目,特别是跨界民族认同与民族地区稳定联系起来,具有突出的政治意义。然而,人们研究方法受"多元文化意识"的影响,没有抓住认同意识的根本属性,以为"民族认同和国家认同的矛盾将长期存在",人为地把两个不同属性和不同层次的认同对立起来,引起混乱。本文以跨界民族认同作为讨论的核心,强调中国跨界民族在国家认同问题上的特殊性,意在反思当前认同问题研究存在的一些误区,厘清民族认同和国家认同的关系和研究的思路,把问题的实质引向为现实服务。     

A framework for scaffolding students' assessment of the credibility of evidence

Assessing the credibility of evidence in complex, socio‐scientific problems is of paramount importance. However, there is little discussion in the science education literature on this topic and on how students can be supported in developing such skills. In this article, we describe an instructional design framework, which we call the Credibility Assessment Framework, to scaffold high school students' collaborative construction of evidence‐based decisions and their assessment of the credibility of evidence. The framework was employed for the design of a web‐based reflective inquiry environment on a socio‐scientific issue, and was enacted with 11th grade students. The article describes the components of the Credibility Assessment Framework and provides the details and results of an empirical study illustrating this framework in practice. The results are presented in the form of a case study of how 11th grade students investigated and evaluated scientific data relating to the cultivation of genetically modified plants. Multiple kinds of data were collected, including pre‐ and post‐tests of students' conceptual understanding and their skills in assessing the credibility of evidence, and videotapes of students' collaborative inquiry sessions. The analysis of the pre‐ and post‐tests on students' conceptual understanding of Biotechnology and their skills in assessing the credibility of evidence revealed statistically significant learning gains. Students' work in task‐related artifacts and the analysis of two groups' videotaped discussions showed that students became sensitive to credibility criteria, questioned the sources of data and correctly identified sources of low, moderate, and high credibility. Implications for designers and educators regarding the application of this framework are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 711–744, 2011     

The development of the classroom social climate during the first months of the school year

In this study the mean stability of classroom social climates during the first months of the school year and the deviation of individual classrooms (N = 48) and students (N = 1208) from this general trend were investigated by taping students’ interpersonal perceptions of their teachers. Multilevel growth modeling was used to identify the average development of the classroom social climate and between classroom and student differences in terms of this development. While significant differences between classrooms and students were found, these differences were rather stable over time. Most classrooms showed a slightly u-shaped trajectory. In only very few classrooms the quality of the social climate had increased at the end of the research period as compared to the very first lesson. Differences in the development between classrooms were associated to the emotional distance between teacher and students during the first lesson of the school year.