Anatomy as a Model Environment for Acquiring Professional Competencies in Medicine: Experiences at Harvard Medical School

Anatomy education provides students with opportunities to learn structure and function of the human body, to acquire professional competencies such as teamwork, interpersonal skills, self-awareness, and to reflect on and practice medical ethics. The fulfillment of this wide potential can present challenges in courses that are part of an integrated curriculum and shorter than traditional courses. This new reality, together with students' increasing concern about the stresses within medical education, led to efforts at Harvard Medical School to implement practical steps toward an optimal learning environment in anatomy. These were based on core elements of ethical anatomy education and principles of trauma-informed care. Anatomy is conceptualized here as the “first clinical discipline,” with relational interactions between anatomical educators, medical students, and body donors/patients. Essential prerequisites for the implementation of this work were support by the medical school leadership, open partnership between engaged students and faculty, faculty coordination, and peer-teaching. Specific interventions included pre-course faculty development on course philosophy and invitations to students to share their thoughts on anatomy. Student responses were integrated in course introductions, combined with a pre-dissection laboratory visit, an introductory guide, and a module on the history and ethics of anatomy. During the course, team-building activities were scheduled, and self-reflection encouraged, for example, through written exercises, and elective life-body drawing. Students' responses to the interventions were overall positive, but need further evaluation. This first attempt of a systematic implementation of an optimal learning environment in anatomy led to the identification of areas in need of adjustment.     

法学专业学生实践能力培养初探

分析了法学专业学生实践能力培养的意义、现状及内容,结合专业培养的目标,提出了培养法学专业学生实践能力的具体方法,如案例教学法、模拟法庭教学法、法律诊所法、司法文书教学法、专业实习教学法及社会实践法等。     

标准化病人的培训及其在临床教学与考核中的应用

为了满足现代医学生的培养目标,结合我院情况,探讨标准化病人(Standardized Patient,SP)作为患者、评估者和指导者所采取的培训形式,将标准化病人应用于临床教学、临床技能训练及考核中,达到提高学生临床思维能力、临床技能及沟通技巧的目的。     

腰椎椎骨骨性管道与腰椎管狭窄症的解剖学基础

目的:研究脊椎骨性管道为治疗椎管狭窄症提供解剖学基础。方法:用不同尸材19具,解剖出第四腰椎,观察测量其矢状径的大小。结果:19块椎骨管径在14.5mm-17.9mm之间,平均为(17.0±0.41)mm。结论:国人矢状径平均17.0mm,15mm为临界值,12mm以下为狭窄。     

临床医学试验与生存分析--二者的统计学关系及哲学思考

生存分析是基于临床医学试验中的数据处理问题，吸收数理统计的思想发展起来的一门科学。它将数理统计处理完全数据的技巧拓展到处理不完全数据的场合。生存分析不是单纯的数理统计的推广，而是一种以现代数学理论为基础的集理论研究与应用相结合的新兴学科。许多方法和理论结果是数理统计中不曾有的。由于这种基于理论与应用一体的特点，在许多领域都可找到其应用的地方。当然，生存分析的产生应用都离不开马克思主义哲学理论的指导。     

硫酸钙在医药方面的研究进展

简要介绍硫酸钙的性状、稳定性、来源、鉴别方法及其在制剂工艺和临床上的应用．在药荆方面可以用作淀粉、糊精等含糖辅料的替代物，适合糖尿病患者应用．药理及临床方面除了传统的解热作用外，还发现其抗肿瘤、解痉和收敛生肌作用．     

高校思想政治理论课"立体分层、诊所互动"教学模式的探索

“立体分层、诊所互动”的教学模式,全方位地探索了高校思想政治理论课教学的新路径,提升了高校思想政治理论课的课程魅力,体现出思想政治理论课塑造大学生灵魂的作用。     

Facing and managing dilemmas as a clinical educator

Although clinical educators make an important and irreplaceable contribution to the education of students undertaking qualifications that will enable them to practise as health professionals, little is known about the day‐to‐day experiences of clinical educators and the complexities of clinical education that may contribute to the problems or to the successes of clinical educators. This paper reports on one aspect of a study that sought to increase the understanding and appreciation of the roles and responsibilities of being a clinical educator. The lived experiences of clinical educators in speech pathology ¹ 1. Also known as speech‐language pathology in North America and speech‐language therapy in the UK. View all notes were explored in depth, over a sustained period of time, in an attempt to understand what it is like to be a clinical educator. This paper uses narrative data to illustrate dilemmas faced by clinical educators in our study, and discusses implications pertinent to clinical educators in a range of health disciplines in higher education.     

Engaging Undergraduate Kinesiology Students in Clinically-based Research

Many undergraduate students in kinesiology are interested in clinical careers and seek research opportunities for advanced study and unique learning experiences. This article describes a process of engaging undergraduate students in a multi-disciplinary, National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded program project investigating factors that may affect pelvic floor support and symptoms in primiparous women during the first year postpartum. Students complete general and protocol-specific training prior to engagement, have specific tasks that reinforce skill development and require independence, and are invited to participate in additional opportunities with the investigative team. The topic of pelvic floor health is novel to most students and participation in this research expands their knowledge beyond a mainstream kinesiology curriculum. Institutionalizing this type of program could formalize undergraduate student research experiences and facilitate ongoing clinical research efforts with a kinesiology focus.