The virtual anatomy laboratory: usability testing to improve an online learning resource for anatomy education

An increasing number of instructors are seeking to provide students with online anatomy resources. Many researchers have attempted to identify associations between resource use and student learning but few studies discuss the importance of usability testing in resource design and modification. Usability testing provides information about ease of use and resource flexibility and indicates navigational issues that contribute to extraneous cognitive load for the user. An example of usability testing for modification of an online anatomy resource called the "Virtual Lab" is presented. Usability testing was used to determine whether increased content would impair navigation through the interface. Subjects with varying levels of experience with anatomy content were recruited to assess efficiency and effectiveness (defined by usability standards) of the original resource and of the redesigned resource. Comparisons between usability evaluation of the original "Virtual Lab" (OVL) and of the redesigned "Virtual Lab" (RVL) revealed that subjects were better able to successfully complete tasks using the RVL than they were with the OVL. Results also demonstrated that subjects did not take significantly more time to successfully complete tasks with the RVL. Additionally, usability testing revealed that subjects were able to successfully complete tasks using the RVL regardless of whether they possessed prior experience with anatomy content or not. Results of this study suggest that the modified resource is more effective for users. The example presented here underscores the need for usability testing prior to resource implementation and whenever significant changes are made to a resource interface.     

中国的人体组成学研究:回顾与展望

人体组成学是人体生物学的分支学科之一,主要研究人体内诸多组分的含量与分布、组分之间的数量关系、在活体中测定人体组分的方法、以及体内外各种因素对组分含量的影响。研究人体组成不仅具有生物学意义,也与提高国民体质、增进健康、治疗疾病密切相关。进入21世纪以来,海峡两岸对人体组成的研究呈快速发展的态势,每年平均发表58篇论文,约占全世界此领域论文总数的3.9%。这表明两岸的人体组成学研究,已在世界上占有一席之地。中国对人体组成的研究主要集中在3个方面：对中国人群身体组成特点的研究、对运动与身体组成关系的研究、以及对疾病与身体组成关系的研究。未来,两岸的人体组成研究应该在多方位发展,特别是研究更多的身体组分（如骨骼肌与内脏脂肪组织）、应用先进的测定方法、以及探讨黄种人的身体组成特点。第9届国际人体组成学研讨会于2011年在杭州举行,这必将进一步促进海峡两岸人体组成学研究的发展。     

师范院校《人体解剖生理学》实验教学改革探索

随着中学生物和师范院校生物课程改革的深入,传统《人体解剖生理学》实验教学模式已无法满足当前人才培养的需要。对《人体解剖生理学》实验教学在教学内容、教学方法、教学评价等方面进行改革,以便更好地培养既能胜任新世纪中学生物教学,又具有科研能力和创新精神的生物专业人才。     

Using clinical guidelines to assess the potential value of laboratory medicine in clinical decision-making

IntroductionIt is often quoted that 70% of clinical decisions are based on laboratory results, but the evidence to substantiate this claim is lacking. Since clinical guidelines aim to document best-practice decision making for specific disease conditions, inclusion of any laboratory test means that the best available evidence is recommending clinicians use it. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the world’s most common cause of mortality, so this study reviewed all CVD guidelines published by five national/international authorities to determine what proportion of them recommended laboratory testing.Materials and methodsFive leading CVD guidelines were examined, namely the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the Australian Heart Foundation (AHF) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ).ResultsA total of 101 guidelines were reviewed. Of the 33 individual ESC guidelines relating to CVD, 24/33 made a direct reference to the use of clinical laboratory tests in either diagnosis or follow-up treatment. The same applied to 15/20 of NICE guidelines, 24/32 from the ACC and 15/16 from the AHF/CSANZ. Renal function and blood count testing were the most recommended (39 and 26 times), with lipid, troponin and natriuretic peptide measurement advocated 25, 19 and 19 times respectively.ConclusionsThis study has shown that laboratory testing is advocated by between 73% and 94% of individual CVD guideline recommendations from five national/international authorities. This provides an index to assess the potential value of laboratory medicine to healthcare.     

高职临床医学专业实习教学与管理问题及对策分析

临床实习的效果直接影响毕业生的专业素养和医疗服务水平。该文通过对高职临床医学专业实习存在的管理体制不健全、理论与实际脱节、实习教学模式与学生需求不符等问题的分析,提出推动医教深度融合、强化实习生在校期间的岗位适应能力培养、结合高职临床专业学生的职业定位、制定合理的实习培养模式等策略,以促进临床实习效果的提升。     

高职临床医学专业学生毕业后去向调查分析——以湖南某高职院校为例

该文通过制定调查问卷,对湖南某高职院校在校的2018级、2019级临床医学专业学生毕业后的去向进行了抽样调查,了解了学生毕业后的去向以及影响学生就业的各类因素,以期为学生毕业提供正确的就业指导。     

创建临床技能实训中心 创新医学人才培养模式

为探讨如何培养较强实践能力高素质的医学人才,进一步提高临床医学教育质量,创新医学人才培养模式,第二临床医学院通过建立临床技能培训中心,开展实施临床见习、实习教学与临床技能培训交互融合的教学方式,构建临床医学教育阶段全程临床能力培养模式;并采取医学生自主训练与教师指导有机结合的教学方法改革;使得医学生的临床实践能力有明显提高。同时建立临床理论与实践综合考评体系,探索了加强医学生临床实践能力培养的有效途径,为培养医学人才提供借鉴。     

大理学院临床医学类学生就业指导课教学反思

临床医学类大学毕业生就业去向相对固定集中,其就业指导具有特殊性。医学生的就业教育与专业教育密不可分,具有较强的个性化特征,由于职业准入条件限制和行业特点,毕业生自主创业较难。大理学院的医学教育是综合院校中的医学教育,其职业生涯规划及就业指导也有其特殊性。对其教学内容、教学管理、师资队伍建设、教材教法等方面存在的问题进行反思和探析,推行“全程化”的教学模式,对于促进临床医学类学生成功就业、提高就业质量具有重要意义。     

Discoverability of information on clinical trial data-sharing platforms

Objective:This study was intended to (1) provide clinical trial data-sharing platform designers with insight into users'' experiences when attempting to evaluate and access datasets, (2) spark conversations about improving the transparency and discoverability of clinical trial data, and (3) provide a partial view of the current information-sharing landscape for clinical trials.Methods:We evaluated preview information provided for 10 datasets in each of 7 clinical trial data-sharing platforms between February and April 2019. Specifically, we evaluated the platforms in terms of the extent to which we found (1) preview information about the dataset, (2) trial information on ClinicalTrials.gov and other external websites, and (3) evidence of the existence of trial protocols and data dictionaries.Results:All seven platforms provided data previews. Three platforms provided information on data file format (e.g., CSV, SAS file). Three allowed batch downloads of datasets (i.e., downloading multiple datasets with a single request), whereas four required separate requests for each dataset. All but one platform linked to ClinicalTrials.gov records, but only one platform had ClinicalTrails.gov records that linked back to the platform. Three platforms consistently linked to external websites and primary publications. Four platforms provided evidence of the presence of a protocol, and six platforms provided evidence of the presence of data dictionaries.Conclusions:More work is needed to improve the discoverability, transparency, and utility of information on clinical trial data-sharing platforms. Increasing the amount of dataset preview information available to users could considerably improve the discoverability and utility of clinical trial data.     

286株鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布及耐药性分析

目的 监测鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布特点及耐药性,为临床鲍曼不动杆菌导致的感染性疾病诊断与合理用药提供理论依据.方法 对2012年1至12月襄阳市第一人民医院门诊及住院部送检标本进行常规细菌分离培养和鉴定,并按照NCCLS标准用K-B法对分离的病原菌进行药物敏感试验,统计分析鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布及耐药性.结果 鲍曼不动杆菌在送检标本中主要来源于痰液（80.07％）,其次是尿液（8.04％）、脓汁（5.24％）等;其耐药性严重,耐药率最低的抗菌药物是亚胺培南,也高达49.30％,对阿米卡星、哌拉西林等其余14种抗菌药物耐药性均大于60.00％.结论 鲍曼不动杆菌分离以痰液标本为主,临床上主要引起呼吸道感染;其耐药性严重,应根据药敏试验结果合理选择抗菌药物.