General and Specific Factors in Reading Comprehension

One explanation for why many students routinely choose to do their homework with a radio or TV operating is that this distraction facilitates studying. To investigate the validity of this explanation, the authors carried out two experiments with sixth-grade students who worked on two difficulty levels of individualized mathematics assignments (N = 12) and reading assignments (N = 9) under three distraction conditions: quiet; self-selected, self-regulated radio; and self-selected, self-regulated TV. The data yielded no evidence of sizable distractor effects on students' time spent studying, computational accuracy, reading comprehension, or reading rate. These results generally are consistent with the theoretical conceptualization of attention as flexible and adaptable.     

A cross-cultural investigation of teachers’ and reporting officers’ self-ratings on teaching and leadership skills across Singapore and Bahrain

Self-rating bias is particularly likely in organizational behavior research as individuals tend to inflate their expertise, skills and character. This study aims to examine how two culturally diverse groups of teachers and their reporting officers respond to self-ratings of their own teaching skills and leadership skills respectively. It is posited that such response may be culturally based. To ensure validity of comparisons, analyses were done using linear Rasch measures in logits rather than the non-linear raw scores. No significant differences were found between the perceptions of Singaporean teachers and their reporting officers on teaching and leadership skills. The Bahraini data however revealed teachers’ perceptions of own teaching skills were significantly higher than that of their reporting officers. The opposite is true for the Reporting officers’ perceptions of our leadership skills. Bahraini teachers’ perceptions of their own teaching skills were also found to be significantly higher than that of their Singaporean counterparts. The findings support the notion that individuals’ thinking and behavior is influenced by how they process social and cultural information.     

五夫镇古民居的建筑观念与自然环境

地处崇山峻岭之中的五夫镇方圆170多平方公里，自然环境幽美，气候宜人，自古有“邹鲁渊源”之称，钟灵毓秀，名人辈出。这里有培养了一代大儒的千古名楼——紫阳楼，还有气宇昂扬，庄严雄伟的兴贤书院。理学宗师朱熹在这里从学、著述、办学授徒，生活达50余年。走进长长的兴贤古街，古朴典雅的明清建筑，曲折宁静的街巷，青石铺就的驿道，会使人有浓烈的返璞归真之感。水、建筑与环境的组合，使古老的语汇为当代建筑文化增添光彩。     

青少年学生形体认知偏差与自尊、生活满意感的关系

形体认知偏差定义为自我体型认知与实际生理体型产生的差值,差值越大,偏差越大。基于社会认知理论,对青少年学生形体认知偏差与自尊、生活满意感的关系进行探讨与分析。被试者600名大、中学生填写了一般自尊量表、身体自尊量表、生活满意感量表、BMI表。研究结果表明,青少年学生对形体认知偏差在不同体型、年龄和性别之间存在着显著差异。形体认知偏差与身体自尊和一般自尊存在着显著相关关系,主要体现在女生群体中。形体认知偏差能够对身体自尊和一般自尊进行可靠的预测。但无论男、女生,形体认知偏差与生活满意感之间不存在相关关系,即不能对生活满意感产生预测效应。路径分析表明,形体认知偏差对生活满意感的影响是通过身体自尊和一般自尊这两个中间变量间接实现的。     

大学图书馆读者文献利用行为倾向分析

在分析武汉理工大学图书馆读者文献利用的统计数据的基础上,分析了纸质文献和数字资源并存状态下大学图书馆读者文献利用行为倾向,并指出读者文献利用行为倾向带给大学图书馆工作的启示。     

Planning for the Budget-ocalypse: The Evolution of a Serials/ER Cancellation Methodology

The University of North Texas (UNT) Libraries are funded almost entirely by undergraduate student use fees. As the undergraduate enrollment has plateaued in recent years, the libraries have not been able to keep up with rising costs, resulting in a series of cuts to the materials budget totaling around $3.25 million. While some of these cuts took the form of reductions in firm orders and dissolution of approval plans, for the past three years the bulk has come from cancellations of serials and electronic resources. With each year’s cuts, the UNT Collection Development department has been forced to modify and refine their deselection process. This article will show the development of UNT’s strategy for determining cancellations using a variety of methods (overlap analysis, usage statistics, faculty input) and tools (EBSCO Usage Consolidation, Serials Solutions 360).     

浅析“听了一耳朵”

汉语词组“听了一耳朵”有两个很不同的意思：一是“听得少”,二是“听得多”。为了帮助那些学习汉语的外族学生更好地理解它的用法,对其进行了比较详细的描写,并从七个方面指出了二者的区别以及判别的标准。     

Parental mediation during the U.S. 2016 presidential election campaign: How parents criticized,restricted, and co-viewed news coverage

Presidential election campaigns provide opportunities for parents to socialize their children to become politically engaged citizens. However, news coverage of the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign contained inappropriate content, leading parents to possibly restrict or denigrate rather than encourage child campaign news consumption. This study built on literatures in political socialization and parental mediation to explore mediation of campaign news coverage. Data from a representative sample of American parents during the Autumn of 2016 revealed that co-viewing, active mediation, and restrictive mediation were relatively common. The predictors of mediation included political variables, parenting orientations, and child factors, with the latter two often interacting with one another. The results have implications for how we conceptualize both political socialization and parental mediation.