认知负荷对乒乓球运动员注意空间的影响*

目的 同时注意空间中多个目标刺激对于乒乓球运动员非常重要。考察认知负荷对青少年乒乓球运动员注意分布的影响。方法：实验中采用计算机行为实验,控制认知负荷（同时注意的目标数量为2、4或6个）,并且在不同注意范围（离中央注视点3°、6°和9°视角）的位置上同时呈现刺激,要求被试对刺激的亮度变化做辨别反应。结果：:认知负荷对于乒乓球运动员的注意范围有显著调节。当刺激个数为2时,在3°和6°视角条件下呈现的刺激反应时均显著快于9°视角条件下的刺激。当刺激个数为4时,视角为3°条件下的反应时快于视角为6°和9°时的反应时,而视角为6°时又比视角为9°时的反应时显著要快。当刺激个数为6时,视角为3°时的反应时均快于视角为6°和9°时的反应时。结论：当前研究证明随着认知负荷增加,乒乓球运动员注意焦点范围显著缩小。可以通过测量运动员在高负荷条件下注意焦点的范围来进行运动员的选拔。     

Falsification,Anomalies and the Naturalistic Approach to Cognitive Change

Science &; Education - It is generally assumed that the extraordinary impact of Thomas Kuhn's essay about scientific revolutions was due to the novelty of his concept of anomaly-driven...     

A cross-cultural investigation of teachers’ and reporting officers’ self-ratings on teaching and leadership skills across Singapore and Bahrain

Self-rating bias is particularly likely in organizational behavior research as individuals tend to inflate their expertise, skills and character. This study aims to examine how two culturally diverse groups of teachers and their reporting officers respond to self-ratings of their own teaching skills and leadership skills respectively. It is posited that such response may be culturally based. To ensure validity of comparisons, analyses were done using linear Rasch measures in logits rather than the non-linear raw scores. No significant differences were found between the perceptions of Singaporean teachers and their reporting officers on teaching and leadership skills. The Bahraini data however revealed teachers’ perceptions of own teaching skills were significantly higher than that of their reporting officers. The opposite is true for the Reporting officers’ perceptions of our leadership skills. Bahraini teachers’ perceptions of their own teaching skills were also found to be significantly higher than that of their Singaporean counterparts. The findings support the notion that individuals’ thinking and behavior is influenced by how they process social and cultural information.     

体育锻炼和认知干预对贫困大学生心理健康的研究

通过各种量表、问卷、试验干预和数理统计等方法对贫困大学生进行调查、试验研究发现:认知行为疗法较体育锻炼能更有效地提高贫困生的心理健康;体育锻炼和认知行为疗法手段的综合运用,比单一采用一种干预方式也更加有效。     

信息优势含义的变迁及其意义

本文从信息优势的内涵入手，指出信息优势的内涵已从信息的获取转向信息的利用，从作为客体的信息本身转向了作为主体的人。信息优势内涵的迁移对当今世界影响很大：改变了人的思维方式，由单一线性思维向全方位的系统思维转移；改变了传统教育观念，变知识的传授为以知识传授为基础，以能力提高为宗旨的现代教育观；应运而生了旨在研究、揭示、提高人类认识世界、改造世界的高智力活动的认知科学，以指导人类驾驭信息，真正成为信息时代的主人     

基于框架理论的词汇教学

框架是认知语言学的重要组成部分,是指物体或事件的典型。框架为词语的理解提供背景知识。本文主要探讨框架理论的基本内容及其在词汇教学中的应用。     

英语阅读课的认知策略与教学

英语阅读课的教学历来是枯燥乏味的,学生常对该课程望而生畏。对于学生在阅读过程中出现的问题,教师在课堂教学中应提高学生的认知策略,培养学生的学习能力与学习技巧,克服他们的阅读障碍,激发他们的阅读动机,增强他们的自信心,从而达到培养学生良好的阅读习惯的目的。     

综合英语课程教学的认知转向探索

受认知诗学理论的影响,综合英语课堂教学将更加注重学生的学习心理过程和学习效果。认知诗学语境下的概念型教学法除了关注英汉对比意识在学生思维中的养成,在综合英语教学中将更多地聚焦于以概念为中心的单元主题在学生认知过程中的内化。概念型教学法的五个教学步骤,即解释、物化、交际活动、言语化、内化,可以有效地将教学内容前景化以提高学生学习效果,并有助于培养学生创造性的学习和批判性思维的养成。     

认知语境对日常话语交际的语用制约功能

语言交际是一个认知推理过程,而认知推理则离不开语境的作用。交际双方的认知语境趋于一致,交际才能成功进行。本文通过对大量日常话语交际的分析,探讨认知语境在日常话语交际中的语用制约功能,认知语境对正确理解话语信息具有重要意义。