认知结构在英语教学中的应用

根据教育心理学和英语教学法理论,并结合英语教学实践,提出一种有意义的教学,利用这种方法可以使学生摒弃机械式的学习英语的做法,建立与学习者自身的认知结构相适应的意义网络,增加新的认知,达到积累知识的目的。     

12周惯性哑铃练习对轻度认知损害老年人的干预效果

目的观察12周惯性哑铃练习对轻度认知损害(MCI)老年人认知功能、身体活动能力、生活质量和睡眠质量的影响,并探讨认知改善与其他功能改变之间的关系。方法将45名MCI老年人随机分为干预组(n=22)和对照组(n=23)。干预组受试者进行惯性哑铃练习(3次/周,60 min/次,持续12周),对照组不进行运动干预。结果 12周后,干预组受试者阿尔茨海默病评定量表-认知部分(ADAS-Cog)总分/指令得分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分、起立行走计时(TUG)和SF-36健康调查问卷(SF-36)心理总得分均显著改善(均P<0.05)。与对照组相比,干预组受试者ADAS-Cog总分/单词回忆得分/注意力得分、简明精神量表(MMSE)评分、TUG和匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)的改善程度均具有显著差异(P<0.05或P=0.05)。偏相关分析结果显示,SF-36心理总得分改变(r=-0.712)、PSQI改变(r=-0.380)与认知改善程度均呈显著负相关。结论 12周惯性哑铃练习可显著提高MCI老年人的认知功能,并对其移动能力、生活质量和睡眠质量具有积极影响,且心理和睡眠改变程度可能影响认知功能的改善效果。     

英语内在格习得的语段伸缩及其参照—认知的序列离散性

本文通过汉译英内在格句翻译测试探究了内在格习得进程中的语段伸缩与参照—认知的序列离散样态.结果显示:四类内在格句的习得难度影响到语段的局部性伸展长度、收窄长度以及语段接口重装形态;三个组别在参照点与认知标的上表征为铰链型序列组合(弱震颤离散化)、黏着型序列组合(强震颤离散化)以及松散型序列组合(超强震颤离散化).语段伸...     

成人认知策略的学习

将认知策略的学习和成人的学习特点结合起来,从教育心理学的角度阐述认知策略的定义及学习的一般过程,并就成人学习认知策略的特殊性和成人认知策略的学习进行论述。     

Effects of periodic carbohydrate ingestion on endurance and cognitive performances during a 40-km cycling time-trial under normobaric hypoxia in well-trained triathletes

The purpose of this study was to examine CHO ingestion on a cognitive task using a field-simulated time-trial (TT) under hypoxia in well-trained triathletes. Ten male triathletes (age: 22.1 ± 1.1 years; VO₂max: 59.4 ± 1.4 ml/kg/min) participated in this double-blind/crossover/counter-balanced design study. Participants completed 3 TT trials: 1) normoxic placebo (NPLA; FiO₂ = 20.9%), 2) hypoxic placebo (HPLA; FiO₂ = 16.3%), and 3) hypoxic CHO (HCHO; 6% CHO provided as 2 ml/kg/15 min; FiO₂ = 16.3%). During the TT, physiological responses (SpO₂, HR, RPE, and blood glucose/lactate), cognitive performance, and cerebral haemodynamics were measured. Hypoxia reduced TT performance by ~3.5–4% (p < 0.05), but CHO did not affect TT performance under hypoxia. For the cognitive task, CHO slightly preserved exercise-induced cognitive reaction speed but did not affect response accuracy during hypoxic exercise. However, CHO did not preserve the decreased Hb-Diff (cerebral blood flow, CBF) and increased HHb in the prefrontal lobe (p < 0.05) during hypoxic exercise, and CHO failed to preserve hypoxia-suppressed prefrontal CBF and tissue oxygen saturation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CHO is effective in sustaining reaction speed for a cognitive task but not promoting TT performance during hypoxic exercise, which would be important for strategy-/decision-making when athletes compete at moderate high-altitude.     

关于英译汉过程中心理认知干扰因素的实证研究

在英译汉心理认知过程中,译者通常会受到一些因素的干扰而导致认知失误,但这却是推测,没有得到试验的检验。笔者尝试用两个具体的英译汉例子,提出三个有关心理认知干扰因素的假设,并设计四组英译汉测试题及与之相对应的问卷调查,用于三个实验组和一个对照组测试。通过对实验数据的收集、检验和分析,找出导致翻译认知失误的真正原因,即较偏僻词组和较长句式结构干扰了译者的翻译心理认知过程。     

文学翻译中汉语独特文化意象英译的最佳关联——《浮躁》英译本个案分析

根据关联翻译理论,以《浮躁》英译本为个案,探讨汉语独特文化意象英译的翻译方法。研究表明,当原文读者的认知语境在译文读者的认知语境中缺失的情况下,译者只要根据上下文语境推导出原文作者的交际意图,通过直译加注、舍去形象意译或者转换形象都可使译文达到最佳关联。     

球场观众不合理认知观念的理论研究

探讨球场观众不舍理认知观念问题,首先,从理论上界定了"球场观众不合理认知观念",并通过质性研究总结出其6个特征,即绝对化、灾难化、面子优先、情绪化、群体化和过度概括;其次,根据ABC理论,对球场观众不合理认知观念进行理论建构;最后,对国内、外观念量表现状进行综述,并主要阐述了球场观众不合理认知观念量表编制的思路.     

Top-down and bottom-up guidance in comprehension of schematic football diagrams

Comprehension of a narrated diagram entail complex cognitive processing as learner is challenged to extract the orally evoked information. The present experiment examined the effects of 2 different forms of attention guidance – bottom-up and top-down – on comprehension performance, cognitive load investment, and motivation to learn, using a 2 × 2 mixed design with factors “Expertise” (Expert vs. Novice) and “Condition” (no-signal, circle, segment). The results revealed an expertise reversal effect indicating that the incorporation of visual signals in diagram is effective for novice learners but partially reverses and becomes ineffective for more experienced learners (even though they invested less mental effort and reported higher level of motivation in the segmented condition). The findings suggested that the effectiveness of instructional guidance depends heavily on levels of prior knowledge.     

Reliably Assessing Growth with Longitudinal Diagnostic Classification Models

Recent advances have enabled diagnostic classification models (DCMs) to accommodate longitudinal data. These longitudinal DCMs were developed to study how examinees change, or transition, between different attribute mastery statuses over time. This study examines using longitudinal DCMs as an approach to assessing growth and serves three purposes: (1) to define and evaluate two reliability measures to be used in the application of longitudinal DCMs; (2) through simulation, demonstrate that longitudinal DCM growth estimates have increased reliability compared to longitudinal item response theory models; and (3) through an empirical analysis, illustrate the practical and interpretive benefits of longitudinal DCMs. A discussion describes how longitudinal DCMs can be used as practical and reliable psychometric models when categorical and criterion‐referenced interpretations of growth are desired.