关系网络与创业机会识别:创业学习的多重中介效应

基于178家企业的样本数据,研究关系网络影响创业机会识别的内在机制。结构方程建模分析结果表明:关系网络不仅可以直接预测创业机会识别,还可以通过认知和经验学习以及实践学习间接预测创业机会识别。此外认知和经验学习对创业机会识别的预测作用相同,认知学习相比于经验学习对实践学习的预测作用则更强。     

创业直觉研究述评及展望

直觉在创业者决策实践中至关重要,但理论界对此却关注不足,国内相关研究尤为匮乏。从直觉与创业关系出发,提炼创业直觉概念内涵,剖析影响创业直觉的内外部因素及其作用过程,挖掘创业直觉对创业者、创业行为和新企业的作用机制,据此构建了创业直觉研究的理论框架。框架关注创业直觉的驱动机制、本质特征和效应机制三个环节,兼顾中间机制和边界条件,明晰了相关理论基础、研究视角、分析方法和研究内容,对开展实证研究和情境化检验具有参考意义。     

现代日语量词“本”的认知考察

现代日语量词"本"的原型用法是表示细长物体的量,其扩张用法是表示运动时有轨迹的物体的量,边缘用法则是表示没有具体形状、但是内容上连贯,或时间上先后发生的、属于一个完整事件——比如人类的语言活动"记事"、"连载"、"讲演"等较新事物的量。另外日语中量词的使用,因不同事物,以及同一事物不同状态而不同。     

“V＋个＋VP”构式研究

本文拟从认知构式语法角度探讨＂V＋个＋VP＂这个汉语中常见结构在形式、功能上的独特性。我们认为＂V＋个＋VP＂是不可替代有着独特构式义的构式,具有以下两个主要语用特征：表达＂随意,彻底＂等特殊情感;＂个＂突出焦点的作用。在现实需求的基础上,由同一层面的五个图式构式经过传承压制而成,而具体构式又是图式构式的例示,双方互为理据性。形成了由处在两端的原型子构式（动宾构式和动补构式）及介于两者之间的连续体构成。     

二语语法显性与隐性学习的认知研究

二语习得研究中对显性与隐性学习的关系存在着不同的认识,但从基于认知心理学对二语语法学习所作的研究来看,显性和隐性学习是两个相互独立又相互依存的学习机制。因此,在二语语法教学中,应把显性和隐性学习有机结合起来,采用动态平衡的语法教学模式,使两种学习机制的效用相互转化,相互作用,共同提高语法教学的效率。     

亲师互动现状调查分析

通过对家长和教师亲师互动的现状进行调查,结果表明:(1)家长亲师互动整体水平最好的是策略互动,其次为认知互动,最后为情感互动。而教师亲师互动中最好的是情感互动,其次为认知互动,最后为策略互动。(2)家长亲师互动在性别上只有认知维度存在显著差异,女性更好;在文化程度上除策略维度没有差异外,认知维度和情感维度均存在显著差异。     

以色列的中介学习经验理论及其应用

二战后,为满足以色列儿童心理成长和能力促进的实际需要,以弗厄斯坦为代表的以色列教育学家和认知心理学家提出了中介学习经验理论并将之应用于教育实践。该理论从教授者与学习者间交互作用的视角看待学习者的认知发展与学习,主张个体的认知结构是一个开放的系统,教授者在中介学习过程中可采用多种有益的中介策略指导和训练儿童,以促进他们认知能力的提高和认知结构的改善,并推动其学习潜能的实现。该理论的实践应用包括:1)构建学习潜能评估工具,用它评价个体认知能力的改变,诊断个体的认知缺陷;2)设立工具强化程序并施之于教学中以巩固儿童已改变的认知结构。中介学习经验理论对于在测评和教学中动态把握和促进巩固儿童的潜能发展具有重要意义。     

大学生认知水平对插图效应的影响

本研究使用瑞文标准推理测验区分被试认知水平,采用认知水平和有无配图文章3×2因素实验设计,方差分析结果表明：插图组阅读成绩显著高于无插图组;认知水平主效应显著;阅读总成绩显示出认知方式和呈现方式的显著交互作用。     

Test-Based Learning: Inconsistent Effects Between Higher- and Lower-Level Test Questions

Providing test questions after an initial study phase is a common instructional technique. In theory, questions that require higher-level (deep) processing should be more beneficial than those that require lower-level (shallow) processing. However, empirical evidence on the matter is inconsistent. To shed light on two potential reasons for these inconsistencies, we conducted an experiment (N = 81) to analyze the role of (a) the share of information to which test questions direct learners and (b) the learning activities performed in the initial study phase with respect to the effects between higher- and lower-level test questions. We found that both the share of focused information and the initial learning activities moderated the effects between higher- and lower-level test questions.     

The interplay between self-determined motivation,self-regulated cognitive strategies,and prior achievement in predicting academic performance

The present study examined the interplay between self-determined motivation and the use of cognitive strategies in predicting university students’ academic performance while taking into account the effect of prior achievement. A theory based model was tested using structural equation modeling on a sample of 764 Italian university students. Results showed that prior achievement influenced students’ academic performance and their motivation and use of cognitive strategies. Critical thinking was the only cognitive strategy which proved to have a significant impact on students’ academic performance. Autonomous motivation had an indirect positive impact on academic performance through its influence on the critical thinking strategy. Controlled motivation had a direct negative impact on academic performance. On the whole, our findings suggest that autonomously motivated students tend to achieve better academic performance by using critical thinking, while students who are driven by controlled motivation have lower academic performance.