论语法对语境的依赖性

认知语言学认为,语法构造从内在属性上说是服务于建构语义内容的,对所有语言单位的释义以及对所有语言表达方式的评价都与语境有关。因此,我们谈论语法时显然不能离开语义。对诸如"city的复数形式—citys"、"fly的过去式与过去分词—flied"、"人身代词的反身形式ourself和themself"、"反身代词与人称代词的选择"以及"car和cat的不可数名词用法"等语言单位进行讨论,以进一步佐证语法对语境的依赖性。     

汉语个体量词的产生及其原因探讨

从历时的角度考察了汉语个体量词产生、发展和成熟时期的情况,和汉语个体量词产生的动因。认为汉语个体量词的产生是汉语范畴化和汉语类型特点制约的结果,同时反映了汉民族的认知视点。     

从具体自由到作为普遍者的国家——黑格尔国家理论探析

理解黑格尔国家理论的关键在于把握他所说的自由和普遍利益这两项密切相关的概念。对此,现有的研究常常存在一些误解。我们固然可以将黑格尔所说的自由界定为遵从理性指引这一前提下的自主、自我决定或自我实现,但在作出这种界定时还必须明确意识到这里的自主、自我决定或自我实现总是与自我否定紧密结合的。自由在于自我决定与自我否定的综合。黑格尔所说的普遍利益并非人们通常所说的公共利益或整体利益,而是明确地指向以否定性为根本特征的国家主权。基于上述理解,我们能更充分地体会到,在黑格尔那里,国家不仅是市民社会的对立物,还是人与自由之间的中介者。     

广告双关语的概念整合分析

双关作为一种有效的修辞手段,备受广告商的青睐。近年来,对广告双关语的研究仅仅局限于对其结构形式、语用功能和美学功能的讨论。本文从认知的角度,用概念整合理论分析了广告双关语的产生和解读过程,并认为广告双关语具有独特的认知特性:对双关语的解读过程有实时性,需要在特定的语境下进行,同时也受文化模式的制约。     

大学英语写作宏观模式

在中文环境中教英语写作是一项非常困难的任务。如何提高学生的英语写作技巧,可运用交际法和二语习得理论,这些方法经过多年的理论和实际的检验,是任何可行的写作教学不可或缺的支持。     

运用概念图进行生物教学对学生认知方式的影响

本研究以高二学生为被试 ,采用不同教学方法进行高中生物“新陈代谢”一章的教学后 ,对高二学生的认知方式及其学业成绩进行了分析。结果表明 :(1)不同的教与学方法对学生的认知方式会产生显著影响。 (2 )使用画概念图的实验班学生多选择“规则 (P)”为其认知方式。这表明 ,学生主要以有意义的方式在进行学习和建构自己的认知结构 ,其生物学业成绩较好。 (3)运用传统教学法的控制班选择“回忆 (R)”为主要认知方式。这表明 ,控制班学生以机械记忆为主构建自己的认知结构     

Cognitive Development in Gifted Children: Toward a More Precise Understanding of Emerging Differences in Intelligence

To truly understand gifted performance, it is necessary to merge research on giftedness with current thinking in cognitive development and intelligence. This article presents traditional research on gifted children's cognitive development then considers how the application of newer models and theories from the field of cognitive development can be combined with research on giftedness to change the way people think about gifted performance. First four factors that have often been associated with giftedness are discussed from the perspectives of cognitive developmental psychology and gifted education. Next, emphasis is placed on investigating the strategic development of gifted children. Specifically, R. S. Siegler's (Emerging Minds: The Process of Change in Children's Thinking, Oxford University Press, New York, 1996) model of strategy development is addressed in terms of what it may contribute to understanding gifted cognition. Finally, future lines of research using models from cognitive development and complex systems models of development are recommended.     

The differential effects of prior knowledge on learning: A study of two consecutive courses in earth sciences

We studied the occurrence and nature of learningin a university first year Introduction toGeomorphology course, and its relations with priorknowledge taught in a prerequisite course, and withthe prior knowledge in the to be learned subjects. Tendimensions of knowledge were tapped before and afterthe course by conventional and cognitive structuremeasures that were derived by the concept mappingmethodology. The fine-grain analysis of learningoutcomes yielded the following results: (a) studentsacquired only a small portion of the content in thecourse Introduction to Geomorphology, (b) the priorgeological and geomorphological knowledge did notaffect the learning of the new geomorphologicalcontents, (c) the minor effects appeared within ratherthan across knowledge dimensions, and they affectedmainly the learning of smaller knowledge units, and(d) concept definition cannot be considereda valid probe of knowledge. The differential effects of prior knowledge question thecentral, global and undifferentiated role that schematheories ascribe to prior knowledge in futurelearning. They call for greater reference to theexposed dimensions of knowledge by suggestingadditional factors to be considered in the sequencingof courses, as well as to the acquisition of complexknowledge with partial meaning of the basic knowledgeunits, and the use of new cognitive structure probesof knowledge.     

大学生英语听力训练模式数据分析及学习策略的思考

本文就大学生听力训练的三种学习模式进行了实验,并结合认知学习论和“母语-英语知识-认知双元结构”的相关理论,对实验的相关数据进行了分析,同时,针对不同的学生提出了不同的学习策略和教学模式.     

用户认知观视野中的情报检索

回溯了情报检索的历程及研究的重点线路，分析了传统的情报检索及情报检索系统存在的一些难题。针对这些问题，指出了应从用户认知观角度来探索情报检索研究，说明了用户认知观的研究对情报检索理论带来的影响，并从用户认知观的角度对情报检索系统的开发提出了一些设想。