Cognitive Development in Gifted Children: Toward a More Precise Understanding of Emerging Differences in Intelligence

To truly understand gifted performance, it is necessary to merge research on giftedness with current thinking in cognitive development and intelligence. This article presents traditional research on gifted children's cognitive development then considers how the application of newer models and theories from the field of cognitive development can be combined with research on giftedness to change the way people think about gifted performance. First four factors that have often been associated with giftedness are discussed from the perspectives of cognitive developmental psychology and gifted education. Next, emphasis is placed on investigating the strategic development of gifted children. Specifically, R. S. Siegler's (Emerging Minds: The Process of Change in Children's Thinking, Oxford University Press, New York, 1996) model of strategy development is addressed in terms of what it may contribute to understanding gifted cognition. Finally, future lines of research using models from cognitive development and complex systems models of development are recommended.     

The differential effects of prior knowledge on learning: A study of two consecutive courses in earth sciences

We studied the occurrence and nature of learningin a university first year Introduction toGeomorphology course, and its relations with priorknowledge taught in a prerequisite course, and withthe prior knowledge in the to be learned subjects. Tendimensions of knowledge were tapped before and afterthe course by conventional and cognitive structuremeasures that were derived by the concept mappingmethodology. The fine-grain analysis of learningoutcomes yielded the following results: (a) studentsacquired only a small portion of the content in thecourse Introduction to Geomorphology, (b) the priorgeological and geomorphological knowledge did notaffect the learning of the new geomorphologicalcontents, (c) the minor effects appeared within ratherthan across knowledge dimensions, and they affectedmainly the learning of smaller knowledge units, and(d) concept definition cannot be considereda valid probe of knowledge. The differential effects of prior knowledge question thecentral, global and undifferentiated role that schematheories ascribe to prior knowledge in futurelearning. They call for greater reference to theexposed dimensions of knowledge by suggestingadditional factors to be considered in the sequencingof courses, as well as to the acquisition of complexknowledge with partial meaning of the basic knowledgeunits, and the use of new cognitive structure probesof knowledge.     

大学生英语听力训练模式数据分析及学习策略的思考

本文就大学生听力训练的三种学习模式进行了实验,并结合认知学习论和“母语-英语知识-认知双元结构”的相关理论,对实验的相关数据进行了分析,同时,针对不同的学生提出了不同的学习策略和教学模式.     

用户认知观视野中的情报检索

回溯了情报检索的历程及研究的重点线路，分析了传统的情报检索及情报检索系统存在的一些难题。针对这些问题，指出了应从用户认知观角度来探索情报检索研究，说明了用户认知观的研究对情报检索理论带来的影响，并从用户认知观的角度对情报检索系统的开发提出了一些设想。     

关系网络与创业机会识别:创业学习的多重中介效应

基于178家企业的样本数据,研究关系网络影响创业机会识别的内在机制。结构方程建模分析结果表明:关系网络不仅可以直接预测创业机会识别,还可以通过认知和经验学习以及实践学习间接预测创业机会识别。此外认知和经验学习对创业机会识别的预测作用相同,认知学习相比于经验学习对实践学习的预测作用则更强。     

创业直觉研究述评及展望

直觉在创业者决策实践中至关重要,但理论界对此却关注不足,国内相关研究尤为匮乏。从直觉与创业关系出发,提炼创业直觉概念内涵,剖析影响创业直觉的内外部因素及其作用过程,挖掘创业直觉对创业者、创业行为和新企业的作用机制,据此构建了创业直觉研究的理论框架。框架关注创业直觉的驱动机制、本质特征和效应机制三个环节,兼顾中间机制和边界条件,明晰了相关理论基础、研究视角、分析方法和研究内容,对开展实证研究和情境化检验具有参考意义。     

现代日语量词“本”的认知考察

现代日语量词"本"的原型用法是表示细长物体的量,其扩张用法是表示运动时有轨迹的物体的量,边缘用法则是表示没有具体形状、但是内容上连贯,或时间上先后发生的、属于一个完整事件——比如人类的语言活动"记事"、"连载"、"讲演"等较新事物的量。另外日语中量词的使用,因不同事物,以及同一事物不同状态而不同。     

“V＋个＋VP”构式研究

本文拟从认知构式语法角度探讨＂V＋个＋VP＂这个汉语中常见结构在形式、功能上的独特性。我们认为＂V＋个＋VP＂是不可替代有着独特构式义的构式,具有以下两个主要语用特征：表达＂随意,彻底＂等特殊情感;＂个＂突出焦点的作用。在现实需求的基础上,由同一层面的五个图式构式经过传承压制而成,而具体构式又是图式构式的例示,双方互为理据性。形成了由处在两端的原型子构式（动宾构式和动补构式）及介于两者之间的连续体构成。     

目的论视角下的口译策略

翻译目的论是德国功能学派的奠基理论,主张翻译行为所要达到的目的决定整个翻译行为的过程。在实际的口译过程中,译者可以根据口译的社会交际功能使用各种手段来开展翻译活动。目的论为口译过程中采用的各种策略提供了很好的解释力和支持力。     

二语语法显性与隐性学习的认知研究

二语习得研究中对显性与隐性学习的关系存在着不同的认识,但从基于认知心理学对二语语法学习所作的研究来看,显性和隐性学习是两个相互独立又相互依存的学习机制。因此,在二语语法教学中,应把显性和隐性学习有机结合起来,采用动态平衡的语法教学模式,使两种学习机制的效用相互转化,相互作用,共同提高语法教学的效率。