语用模糊的认知分析

语用模糊就是交际过程中的交际参与者对意义的表述或者解释不确定的种种现象。文章从认知视角,用关联理论(Relevance Theory)和空间复合理论(Space Blending Theory)对语用模糊现象进行分析探讨,以解释言语交际中出现的语用模糊的认知心理过程。     

受众认知偏差对传播效果的影响

受众认知偏差是影响传播效果的重要因素之一。文章着重分析角色虚拟、心理期待导致的受众认知偏差对传播效果的影响。传播者应从加强自身的社会责任意识、把握好传播内容的“度”、对信息做背景性的解释三个方面,减少受众的认知偏差。     

个体差异与计算机辅助语言教学的优势

介绍了计算机辅助语言教学的基本形式；同时以学习者的个体差异为着眼点，从学习者的认知、情感及社会性等方面论述了机辅语言教学的优势。肯定了机辅语言教学的优势，旨在为促进高校外语教学，培养满足社会需求的人才提供有益的建议。     

认知心理学两种研究范式的争论与反思

符号加工和联结主义是认知心理学的两种研究范式,二者在认知心理学内部产生了一系列的争论。在一般 认知问题上的争论主要表现在语义理解、心理表征以及一些具体的认知问题上;在方法论问题上的区别主要表现在是 结构模拟、黑箱方法、还原主义还是结构与功能模拟、灰箱方法和整体主义上。两种范式争论的本质问题是究竟哪种 范式更加符合认知过程的本质。联结主义范式似有取代符号加工范式的趋势,但它也不能完全揭示人类的高级认知功 能,因此出现了行为主义的进化论研究范式。     

Nonscience majors learning science: A theoretical model of motivation

A theoretical model of nonscience majors' motivation to learn science was tested by surveying 369 students in a large‐enrollment college science course that satisfies a core curriculum requirement. Based on a social‐cognitive framework, motivation to learn science was conceptualized as having both cognitive and affective influences that foster science achievement. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the variables. The students' motivation, as measured by the Science Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ), had a strong direct influence on their achievement, as measured by their science grade point average. The students' motivation was influenced by their belief in the relevance of science to their careers. This belief was slightly stronger in women than men. Essays by the students and interviews with them provided insight into their motivation. The model suggests that instructors should strategically connect science concepts to the careers of nonscience majors through such means as case studies to increase motivation and achievement. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1088–1107, 2007     

Mathematical Modeling in the Primary School: Children's Construction of a Consumer Guide

This paper examines 6th grade children's local conceptual development and mathematization processes as they worked a comprehensive mathematical modeling problem (creating a consumer guide for deciding the best snack chip) over several class periods. The children and their teachers were participating in a 3-year longitudinal teaching experiment in which sequences of mathematical modeling problems were implemented from the 5th grade (10 years of age) though to the 7th grade. In contrast to traditional problem solving, mathematical modeling requires children to generate and develop their own mathematical ideas and processes, and to form systems of relationships that are generalizable and reusable. Reported here is a detailed analysis of the iterative cycles of development of one group of children as they worked the problem, followed by a summary of the mathematization processes displayed by all groups. Children's critical reflections on their models are also reported. The results show how children can independently develop constructs and processes through meaningful problem solving. Children's development included creating systems for operationally defining constructs; selecting, categorizing, and ranking factors; quantifying quantitative and qualitative data; and transforming quantities.     

浅谈语法隐喻及其实际意义

在语言的实际应用中，人们可以把动词、形容词转化为名词，句子转化为词组。这种变化被称作语法隐喻。Halliday（1985）指出，名词化（nominalization）是语法隐喻的主要来源。结果表明：语法隐喻方式有助于意义的有效识解，有利于认知效果的获得，它增强了语篇的语义联系和关联度。     

《淮南子》的推类理论解析

《淮南子》所包含的逻辑思想承先启后,在推类理论上,发挥了公孙龙注重类的内涵的研究,把墨辩提出的推类之难进行了深入探索;同时把《吕氏春秋》所提的类不可必推问题作了阐发,丰富了我国古代的推类理论,推动了中国逻辑学的发展.     

儿童认知策略的发展特点

认知策略是个体在解决问题的过程中,运用已有的知识和经验,以期达到目的的智力活动.认知策略的层次性使得其分类方式交叉重叠.儿童认知策略的发展具有以下特征:随着年龄的增长儿童开始产生策略,进而自发使用这些策略,策略使用的有效性也在增加.许多实证研究表明,西格勒的重叠波浪模型符合儿童认知策略发展的特点.     

RCCL加工模型述评

本文简述了概率推理的问题背景 ,介绍了Lovett和Schunn关于解决概率推理任务加工过程的RCCL模型 ,该模型的加工过程分为 4个阶段 :表征任务 ;构建策略 :选择策略 ;获得新的策略成功率信息。最后对该模型进行了简单评价