科技英语中名词性词汇的认知功能分析

针对国内学习者忽视科技英语中的名词性词汇认知功能的普遍问题,文章以认知语言学理论为依据,对科技英语中名词性词汇进行了系统的阐述和认知功能分析,揭示了科技英语句子结构转换过程中一些规律性的特征,为语言学习和研究提供了有价值的参考和借鉴。     

An Integrative Approach: Relational Cultural Theory and Cognitive Behavior Therapy in College Counseling

This article presents an integrative framework for using cognitive behavior therapy through the lens of relational cultural theory. The authors provide an overview of cognitive behavior therapy and relational cultural theory, followed by suggestions on how to facilitate cognitive behavior therapy using the principles of relational cultural theory in college counseling. A case illustration is used to demonstrate the integration of cognitive behavior therapy and relational cultural theory.     

Exploring Self-Efficacy among Entry-Level and Advanced BSW Students

This study compared a sample of entry-level and advanced BSW students, who completed pretest and posttest self-efficacy measures, to assess their level of confidence in performing social work tasks after 15 weeks of instruction. By the end of the semester, only advanced students made significant gains in self-efficacy beliefs, and they showed a significantly higher self-efficacy belief than entry-level students. Results suggest that increased mastery experiences, as found in the advanced social work curriculum, may help students develop confidence in their ability to practice as professional social workers.     

Measuring scientific reasoning – a review of test instruments

Education systems increasingly emphasize the importance of scientific reasoning skills such as generating hypotheses and evaluating evidence. Despite this importance, we do not know which tests of scientific reasoning exist, which skills they emphasize, how they conceptualize scientific reasoning, and how well they are evaluated. Therefore, this article reviews 38 scientific reasoning tests. They used to primarily consist of multiple-choice questions, but since then have become more diverse, even including tests that automatically analyse virtual experiments. Furthermore, this review revealed that the tests focus on the skills of generating hypotheses, generating evidence, evaluating evidence, and drawing conclusions. Additionally, conceptualizations of scientific reasoning have moved towards a domain-specific set of different but coordinated skills over the years. Finally, concluding from gaps in test evaluation, a future focus should be on testing theoretical assumptions, comparing different scientific reasoning tests, and how relevant test results are in predicting criterion variables like academic performance.     

Role of social presence and cognitive absorption in online learning environments

This article investigates the relationships between social presence, cognitive absorption, interest, and student satisfaction in online learning. A hypothesized structural equation model was developed to study these critical variables that may influence interaction in online learning environments. Contrary to expectations, the study determined that social presence does not impact satisfaction directly. However, the study concludes that while social presence is related to student satisfaction, its impact is not direct but rather mediated by cognitive absorption. In addition, the study clarified the impact of students’ interest on social presence, cognitive absorption, and satisfaction. The results of this study indicate that interest affects social presence and satisfaction directly. Additionally, interest appears to influence satisfaction indirectly through social presence and cognitive absorption. Contrary to expectations, this study did not reveal any significant relationship between interest and cognitive absorption.     

The relationship of deep and surface study approaches on factual and applied test‐bank multiple‐choice question performance

With the advent of online test banks and large introductory classes, instructors have often turned to textbook publisher‐generated multiple‐choice question (MCQ) exams in their courses. Multiple‐choice questions are often divided into categories of factual or applied, thereby implicating levels of cognitive processing. This investigation examined the influence student study approaches have on performance of shallow compared to deep, cognitive process outcomes measured by scores on factual versus application MCQ test bank questions respectively. Fifty‐six introduction to psychology students, aged 18–52 years, completed a modified version of the Revised Two‐Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R‐SPQ‐2F) to access deep or surface study approaches. Mid‐term and final exam MCQ were equally divided between factual and application questions from the textbook publisher test bank. Overall, students performed significantly better on factual MCQ, with older students achieving higher factual and applied scores. Results suggest younger students tend to use a surface approach to study, with reproduction of what was taught to meet minimum requirements. With age statistically controlled, analyses demonstrated that the surface learning approach negatively impacts MCQ performance on questions categorised as factual and applied more than a deep learning approach benefits MCQ performance.     

A longitudinal perspective on inductive reasoning tasks. Illuminating the probability of change

Cognitive scientists have studied internal cognitive structures, processes, and systems for decades in order to understand how they function in human learning. Nevertheless, questions concerning the diagnosis of changes in these cognitive structures while solving inductive reasoning tasks are still being scrutinized. This paper reports findings from an experimental study in which 64 participants in three experimental groups solved tasks at ten measurement points. We were able to illuminate changes of cognitive structures and found significant differences between the treatments. The results also indicate that supportive information is an important aid for developing cognitive structures while solving inductive reasoning tasks.     

中小学数学中的归纳推理:教育价值、教材设计与教学实施——数学教育热点问题系列访谈之六

归纳推理使学生经历通过条件预测结果以及根据结论探究成因的过程,有利于数学的发现,是形成创造能力的根本。本质上说,类比、统计推断都是归纳推理。对归纳推理,课程设计和教学的原则如下:从具体的数字出发在计算的过程中让学生感悟运算的道理是根本思路;掌握从具体问题入手进行运算的方法,积累正确思考数学问题的经验是根本目的。     

认知语言学视阈下的转喻研究

认知语言学为转喻的研究提供了一个全新的视角。转喻不仅仅是一种语言层面上的修辞手段,更是一种概念现象和认知过程。近年来转喻的界定、分类、转喻与隐喻的相互关系以及转喻与语言结构的关系成为该领域的研究热点。对其简要的梳理对我们明确未来的研究方向意义重大。