钢琴组曲《南国印象》曲式结构试析

《南国印象》是一部中西合璧的钢琴组曲,它在运用西方曲式结构的同时也有不少创新。可以看出作者在创作上不拘一格,运用各种技法使作品在保持民族气质的同时又具有时代的精神。     

Whiteboards,Blanket Forts,and Autonomy: Using Self-Determination Theory to Improve Library De-Stress Programming

In recent years, librarians at Valparaiso University have adopted a user-centered programming model, allowing students to choose their own library de-stress programs during finals. After several semesters of using this approach, the authors sought to examine whether students felt a sense of agency in suggesting and voting on programs and whether this agency affected students’ motivation to attend de-stress programs. The authors conducted two focus groups with undergraduate students. Results suggest that most students are more interested in attending programs that they personally suggested or voted for, deriving intrinsic rewards from the autonomy of having their voices heard.     

科技资源共享支撑体系的系统论探析

作为战略性资源的科技资源日益成为提高自主创新能力的基础条件和有力支撑,而优化科技资源配置的重要途径之一是实现科技资源共享,构建科技资源共享的支撑体系更是科技资源共享这一复杂系统工程的重要内容。本文从系统论的角度对科技资源进行了界定,构建了科技资源共享的政府、网络、资金和人才支撑体系框架,并以国家科技基础条件平台建设为例对科技资源共享支撑体系所具有的整体性、层次性、目的性和开放性系统特征进行分析。     

北美情报学理论近20年研究进展

采用系统综述方法对获取的69篇北美情报学理论文献进行开放式编码和进一步的逻辑分析,系统地概括北美情报学理论近20年的研究现状和最新进展。研究表明：①北美情报学理论的研究由相互关联的7个维度构成,这些维度是情报学的基本概念、跨学科理论的引入、情报学哲学理论、情报学研究领域、情报学理论框架、情报学发展、情报学学科特征。②北美情报学理论的优点是理论体系完善、多元性哲学理论共存和研究方法存在思辨与实证相结合。③北美情报学理论的局限性在于多元哲学理论间缺乏整体性分析、持续性研究欠缺和理论框架主题成果不多。     

Two decades of suspect evidence for adaptive molecular evolution—negative selection confounding positive-selection signals

There has been a large literature in the last two decades affirming adaptive DNA sequence evolution between species. The main lines of evidence are from (i) the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test, which compares divergence and polymorphism data, and (ii) the phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (PAML) test, which analyzes multispecies divergence data. Here, we apply these two tests concurrently to genomic data of Drosophila and Arabidopsis. To our surprise, the >100 genes identified by the two tests do not overlap beyond random expectation. Because the non-concordance could be due to low powers leading to high false negatives, we merge every 20–30 genes into a ‘supergene’. At the supergene level, the power of detection is large but the calls still do not overlap. We rule out methodological reasons for the non-concordance. In particular, extensive simulations fail to find scenarios whereby positive selection can only be detected by either MK or PAML, but not both. Since molecular evolution is governed by positive and negative selection concurrently, a fundamental assumption for estimating one of these (say, positive selection) is that the other is constant. However, in a broad survey of primates, birds, Drosophila and Arabidopsis, we found that negative selection rarely stays constant for long in evolution. As a consequence, the variation in negative selection is often misconstrued as a signal of positive selection. In conclusion, MK, PAML and any method that examines genomic sequence evolution has to explicitly address the variation in negative selection before estimating positive selection. In a companion study, we propose a possible path forward in two stages—first, by mapping out the changes in negative selection and then using this map to estimate positive selection. For now, the large literature on positive selection between species has to await reassessment.     

论教育语境中的正义

本文旨在探讨教育语境中的正义具有什么内涵,以及是否存在一种被证实的关于正义的教育概念。本文并不主张建立一种积极的教育正义概念,而是主张避免把教育当做服务于教育之外的正义规范的工具。因此,本文重点分析了教育中的不正义,并将其在教育系统的不同层面上进行了归类,从而形成了一种有关教育语境中的不正义的教育现象学,这也就是教育现实得以改善的起点。文章最后指出了克服这些不正义的途径。     

振兴东北老工业基地对高层次人才的需求与研究生教育

介绍了东北老工业基地的产业结构现状以及产业结构的变化和调整对高层次人才需求的影响;提出了为满足新形势下高层次人才的需求,必须提高研究生的培养质量以及培养的途径和方法。     

论日语词汇学习中认知策略的运用

词汇学习在语言学习中占有十分重要的地位.日语词汇量不足与日语词汇学习的认知策略不足是制约日语学习者词汇拓展的主要因素.因此,在日语词汇学习中,要掌握语义分类策略、特殊记忆策略、联想记忆策略、语境巩固策略以及循环重复策略等认知策略,并建立系统、完整的词汇学习的认知策略结构.这样,才能有效地认知日语词汇,有效地掌握所学词汇.     

"主试"与"被试"——马尔克斯《巨翅老人》叙事结构分析

对《巨翅老人》叙事结构的解读,是把握该小说思想内涵的关键所在。小说中叙事者?巨翅老人与众人之间的关系可比喻为实验心理学中主试?实验设计?被试之间的关系。巨翅老人与蜘蛛女孩是自变量,在叙事结构中地位十分重要,但却不是作家要表现的主要对象,被试众人的因变量才是作家要观照?反映的主要对象,被试才是主要的角色。     

建构主义学习理论对我国高校荣辱观教育的启示

在建构主义者看来,学习是在教育者的指导下在特定的教育环境下,学习者通过活动与交往进行的知识建构活动,因此建构主义者特别关注学习者主体作用的发挥,强调要加强学生学习内容和他们周围实际的联系,引导他们在活动与交往中运用原有的知识经验探究学习,使他们在主动探究学习的过程中形成主动求知的技能、态度和习惯。建构主义学习理论将促使我国高等学校的教育工作者尽早转变教育教学观念,真正掌握荣辱观教育的真谛,树立社会主义科学的荣辱观。