从语言角度看《云豁友议》中的通俗诗

《云豁友议》作为主要记载中晚唐诗人诗歌唱和与逸闻轶事的笔记小说,受到研究唐诗者重视。其中保存了初唐诗人王梵志和其他一些中晚唐诗人的通俗诗歌,这些通俗诗中有相当多的佛教词汇和唐代口语俗语词汇,为研究唐代词汇乃至整个词汇发展史提供了可供借鉴的语料。《云黔友议》中的通俗诗还表明,汉语语法在唐代已经发生了明显的变化,产生了一些新的语法形式。     

语文辞书收词释义漏略禅籍新义例释

由于语料浩繁,大型语文辞书《汉语大词典》及断代语文词典《唐五代语言词典》《宋语言词典》在收词和释义方面都难免有所疏漏。就释义而言,它们未能反映出有些俗语词在禅籍中的新义,不少词语虽被收录并解释,但其在禅籍中的新义往往阙失,亟待补充。     

“三言二拍”多用《西江月》词原因探析

明清话本小说继承古典小说诗文结合的创作模式,乐于采用《西江月》这一词牌。《西江月》在声情上具有较强的愉悦性,形式内容上具有俚俗性特征,在词学创作、批评上形成警世劝诫主题,以及受明代词学选本与小说的互动等因素的影响,使得它乐于为小说所模拟采用。     

《一切经音义》(中)所见阳原方俗词语研究

阳原方言口语中鲜活运用的"爽羹味"(爽音[sāη])、"不反百叶"、"黑眼"三词,在唐辽时期《一切经音义》中已有收录,其音义可追溯到中古乃至上古汉语时期。从现代汉语方言词上溯,将活的方言与死的书证纵向结合,沟通古今,可以描写出词语历时演变轨迹。阳原方言中"爽羹味"保留了汉代"羹败为爽"的古义,"不反百叶"是由牛羊等动物反刍情态所做的类比,"黑眼"则与《说文》所记"黡"相关。     

通许方言中的单韵母ê/ε/

在普通话中,只有"欸"这一个叹词以ê/ε/为韵母,而在通许方言中,单韵母ê/ε/却十分普遍,有数十个词都以之为韵母。单韵母主要来源于《广韵》假摄开口三等麻韵知系章组,山摄开口三等入声薛韵知系和来母日母,咸摄开口三等入声叶韵知系章组和来母,曾摄开口三等入声职韵知系庄组,曾摄开口一等入声德韵(贼和唇音字除外),梗摄开口二等陌韵、麦韵,它们归并为元代《中原音韵》的皆来、车遮、齐微三韵,明清音系中的此类字归在乜斜韵、怀来韵和灰堆韵。读为ê/ε/是白读音,读为[ai]或[ei]为文读音,这种特殊的文白异读和历史上曾经存在的现象正好相反。     

敦煌变文俗语词汇读札

敦煌变文中有许多不为历代辞书所载的口语俗词,兹就敦煌变文中“切要”、“寻讨”、“造次”、“承领”、“消宁”,“对当”六个词及带有“禀告”类义项的一组词汇作考释或补释。     

莆仙话文白异读的过渡性特征

学者们一般认为莆仙话与闽南话的文白异读基本相同,并以此作为莆仙话脱胎于闽南话的重要证据之一。本文对此作了补充和修正,从数量、类型、音值等几个方面看,闽南话与闽南话和闽东话的文白异读均存在较大差异,且其中不乏创新之处。因此,我们认为莆仙话白读历史上与闽南话属于同一支派,而后来有了自己不同于闽南话的发展,其中一些发展是闽东话影响的结果,另外一些是莆仙方言自身的演变（特别是音系简化）而致。这是莆仙话过渡性特征的重要体现之一。     

Automatic word spacing of erroneous sentences in mobile devices with limited hardware resources

With the rapid evolution of the mobile environment, the demand for natural language applications on mobile devices is increasing. This paper proposes an automatic word spacing system, the first step module of natural language processing (NLP) for many languages with their own word spacing rules, that is designed for mobile devices with limited hardware resources. The proposed system uses two stages. In the first stage, it preliminarily corrects word spacing errors by using a modified hidden Markov model based on character unigrams. In the second stage, the proposed system re-corrects the miscorrected word spaces by using lexical rules based on character bigrams or longer combinations. By using this hybrid method, the proposed system improves the robustness against unknown word patterns, reduces memory usage, and increases accuracy. To evaluate the proposed system in a realistic mobile environment, we constructed a mobile-style colloquial corpus using a simple simulation method. In experiments with a commercial mobile phone, the proposed system showed good performances (a response time of 0.20 s per sentence, a memory usage of 2.04 MB, and an accuracy of 92–95%) in the various evaluation measures.     

The Language Styles in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

This article mainly discuss the language styles in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Colloquial and satire are important language styles in this book. Vanity unquestioning acceptance of violence coward and slave all satire the great national problems; Besides, combination of the colloquial language and satire is also very successful in this novel, which vividly reveal the American society at that time .     

唐传奇与宋元话本的叙事主体比较研究

唐传奇继承史传追求真实的传统,把具有真实姓名的一系列角色安插到叙事活动中来,从而达到史实性和权威性的效果;宋元话本由叙述者和说书人共同承担叙事功能,并在叙述中借助大量的指点干预和评论干预,开始有意识地展现讲述的虚拟性。