慢性心衰病人的运动能力与骨骼肌改变

通过文献综述法,对慢性心衰中存在的骨骼肌病变进行总结。结果表明：慢性心衰病人的主要症状下肢疲劳,运动能力下降,不仅是心功能下降导致的,同时还有骨骼肌本身的病变。心衰病人的预后与心功能指标的相关性较差,而与运动能力下降的程度相关性较高。改善病人的心输出量并不能很快提高心衰病人的运动能力,说明除了心功能的改变,也存在着骨骼肌本身的改变。建议：重视心衰病人的骨骼肌病变,进行合理的运动康复,设计以骨骼肌为靶点的药物将有助于提高心衰病人的生活质量,改善心功能。     

竞技健美操赛前模拟比赛心率变化分析

以心率指标来反映竞技健美操的运动强度。对参加2008年全国锦标赛的运动员进行赛前模拟比赛的心率测试。结果显示：最大心率百分比都在80％以上。运动中的心率变化跟专业级别没有差异性（P〉0．05）,跟年龄有显著的差异性（P〈0．05）。因此在训练中,训练的方式跟专业级别以及年龄相联系,并可运用心率指标进行监控。     

观"百姓擂台"引发对中国传统武术发展的思考

传统武术技击在建国后没有得到良好的发展,一系列因素促使传统武术体现出更多的演练性而非实用性。因此,通过打造《武林风》"百姓擂台"这一国内首个传统武术搏击擂台,将对中华武术的继承、发展、推广起到不可低估的作用。通过观看"百姓擂台",我们也可看出目前武术发展的一大困境,即传统武术技击与时代脱节的严峻现实。     

Objective and subjective methods for quantifying training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games

The aim of the present study was to analyse the training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games and determine the relationship between heart rate (HR)-based training load and perceived exertion (RPE)-based training load methods among small-sided games bouts. HR-based measurements of training load included Edwards’ training load and Stagno’s training impulses (TRIMP_MOD) while RPE-based training load measurements included cardiopulmonary (session RPEres) and muscular (session RPEmus) values. Data were collected from 12 wheelchair basketball players during five consecutive weeks. The total load for the small-sided games sessions was 67.5 ± 6.7 and 55.3 ± 12.5 AU in HR-based training load (Edwards’ training load and TRIMP_MOD), while the RPE-based training loads were 99.3 ± 26.9 (session RPEres) and 100.8 ± 31.2 AU (session RPEmus). Bout-to-bout analysis identified greater session RPEmus in the third [P < 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.66, moderate] and fourth bouts (P < 0.05; ES = 0.64, moderate) than in the first bout, but other measures did not differ. Mean correlations indicated a trivial and small relationship among HR-based and RPE-based training loads. It is suggested that HR-based and RPE-based training loads provide different information, but these two methods could be complementary because one method could help us to understand the limitations of the other.     

Maximal heart rate declines linearly with age independent of cardiorespiratory fitness levels

There have been many conflicting observations between the linear or curvilinear decline in maximal heart rate (HR_max) with age. The aim of this study was to determine if linear or curvilinear equations would better describe the decline in HR_max with age in individuals of differing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels. Treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) results from participants (1510 men and 1134 women; 18–76 years) free of overt cardiovascular disease were retrospectively examined using cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs. Participants completing ≥2 CPX with ≥1 year between test dates were included in the longitudinal analysis (325 men and 150 women). Linear and quadratic regressions were applied to age and HR_max for the whole cohort and respective CRF groups (high, moderate, and low, relative to age and gender normative values). To test for differences among linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations, the change in R² (cross-sectional analysis) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) (longitudinal analysis) from the linear to the more complex models were calculated. The quadratic or polynomial regression in the cross-sectional analysis, marginally improved the variance in HR_max explained by age compared to the linear regression for the whole cohort (0.2%), moderate fit group (0.3%), and low fit group (0.8%). With no improvements in the high fit group. BIC did not improve for any CRF category in the longitudinal analysis. In conclusion, the minimal differences among linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations in the respective CRF groups, emphasizes the use of linear prediction equations to estimate HR_max.     

高强度运动对心脏的冲击影响及信号提取研究

设计实时的肌肉组织血氧量和瞬时心率无损同步检测方案与设备,为研究高强度运动心脏的冲击影响、探讨高强度运动中代谢规律提供测试手段。方法:采用连续双波长近红外光测量肌肉中血红蛋白与肌红蛋白含氧量的变化情况;采用芬兰SUUNTO心率带和自行设计的转发器及配套PC软件测量瞬时心率,进行了100m跑同步实测试验。结果:100m跑以无氧代谢为主。起跑后的前7s为无氧代谢的非乳酸功能,肌氧饱和度曲线变化不大。7s后开始消耗肌肉中储存的氧。结论:双波长近红外光组织氧测试法和运动心率无线实时采集系统能够正确实时同步地检测高强度运动时血氧和心率,揭示了高强度运动过程中肌肉中氧的运输与消耗及心率之间的动力学过程。     

共轨式喷油系统数学模型

针对高压共轨喷油系统所特有的工作过程和部件结构 ,建立了系统各部件综合的数学模型 ,并采用有限容积法对方程进行了离散 ,对系统的压力特性、电磁特性和控制参数等进行了仿真 ,为系统的参数设计、标定提供了依据。     

先秦百家纷呈与思维差异创新

中国先秦时期的百家争鸣、学说蜂起的局面,酿就了中国古代社会思想自由、教育勃兴、学术繁荣的文化景观。追慕其时学界士人的独立思维与创新治学之风,借鉴古代文明“求异趋同”思维模式的文化资源,自觉倡扬当今时代的思维差异创新,对于建设创新型国家、全面构建和谐社会、促进人的全面发展,无疑将大有裨益。     

省青少年比赛中篮球裁判员运动强度影响因素的研究

探讨比赛中篮球裁判员心率与年龄和体重等指标的关系;进一步比较不同级别篮球裁判员在比赛中生理指标的变化特征。对不同级别裁判员的赛中心率变化分析表明：在省青少年篮球比赛中,裁判级别对心率分布、最高心率和平均心率等指标无明显影响。相关分析表明篮球裁判员在省青少年比赛中的心率指标与年龄、体重以及级别之间无相关关系。     

普通高校体育课程评价目的

在分析一般评价目的的基础上，以体育课程学生学习效果的判断为切入点，归纳普通高校体育课程评价目的的内容：检验学生体育锻炼效果，掌握学生健康状况；分析影响学生体育素质的因素，激励学生自我发展；完善评价体系，促进体育课程建设。指出体育课程评价目的对评价方法、评价内容、评价指标及标准的影响，使体育课程评价更具针对性、目的性和有效性。