语言交际中合作原则的违反

格赖斯的合作原则在解释人类言语交际活动中起重大的作用。格赖斯认为说话人和听话人的双方都应遵守合作原则。但是在实际言语交际中，总存在合作原则违反的现象。论文以语言学理论为依据，对合作原则理论及合作原则在言语交际中违反的原因及运用进行阐述和分析。     

人际交往、社会冲突、理性与社会发展

本文主要论述了乔治·齐美尔的社会发展理论及其与之相关的一些问题。在他看来 ,现代社会的发展主要与三个因素息息相关 :人际交往以及由此而引起的群体规模的扩大 ;社会冲突以及由此而引发的社会结构的内部边界关系的变化 ;理性及其在现代社会的扩张     

Timescales for exploratory tactical behaviour in football small-sided games

The aim of this study was to identify the dynamics of tactical behaviour emerging on different timescales in football small-sided games and to quantify short- and long-term exploratory behaviour according to the number of opponents. Two teams of four professional male footballers played small-sided games against two different teams with a variable number of opponents (3, 5 and 7). Data were collected using a combination of systematic observation and a non-differential global positioning system (15 Hz). The temporal diversity and structural flexibility of the players were determined by calculating the dynamic overlap order parameter q, entropy and trapping strength. Analysis of the exploratory dynamics revealed two different timescales, forming a different metastable landscape of action for each constraint. Fast dynamics lasted on average a few seconds and consisted of changes in tactical patterns. The long timescale corresponded to the shared tasks of offence and defence lasting tens of seconds. The players’ tactical diversity decreased with an increasing number of opponents, especially in defence. Manipulating numerical imbalance is likely to promote changes in the diversity, unpredictability and flexibility of tactical solutions. The fact that the temporally nested structure of constraints shaped the emergence of tactical behaviour provides a new rationale for practice task design. The manipulation of numerical imbalance on the timescale of a few tens of seconds, on which the exploratory behaviour of players saturates, may help coaches to optimise the exploratory efficiency of the small-sided games.     

Incremental training intensities increases loads on the lower back of elite female rowers

Lumbar-pelvic kinematics change in response to increasing rowing stroke rates, but little is known about the effect of incremental stroke rates on changes in joint kinetics and their implications for injury. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of incremental rowing intensities on lower limb and lumbar-pelvic kinetics. Twelve female rowers performed an incremental test on a rowing ergometer. Kinematic data of rowers’ ankle, knee, hip and lumbar-pelvic joints, as well as external forces at the handle, seat and foot-stretchers of the rowing machine were recorded. Inter-segmental moments and forces were calculated using inverse dynamics and were compared across stroke rates using repeated measures ANOVA. Rowers exhibited increases in peak ankle and L5/S1 extensor moments, reductions in peak knee moments and no change in peak hip moments, with respect to stroke rate. Large shear and compressive forces were seen at L5/S1 and increased with stroke rate (P < 0.05). This coincided with increased levels of lumbar-pelvic flexion. High levels of lumbar-pelvic loading at higher stroke rates have implications with respect to injury and indicated that technique was declining, leading to increased lumbar-pelvic flexion. Such changes are not advantageous to performance and can potentially increase the risk of developing injuries.     

当前民族传统体育研究困境——兼议引入体育人类学的必要性

采用文献资料法、逻辑归纳法等研究方法,系统回顾了民族传统体育学科的发展过程与当前理论研究的现状。通过分析发现,当前民族传统体育的研究存在诸多困境,包括学科主干——武术与气功研究存在不足、相关研究的基础理论薄弱、缺少民族传统体育理论研究的全球视野与国际交流。本文认为民族传统体育的发展离不开理论的支持和引导,民族传统体育学科体系急待完善。同时,借助历史学、人类学理论系统剖析这些问题,提出引入体育人类学作为民族传统体育的基础理论,将给民族传统体育学提供足够的理论支援与拓展空间。     

网络"粉丝"文化社区传播机制初探

“粉丝”文化在网络环境下获得了飞速的发展,“粉丝”文化社区的形成有赖于网上传播和网下传播两种机制的合力。本文重点考察了“粉丝”社区的网上传播机制,并简要介绍了其网下传播方式。从中可以看出网络“粉丝”文化社区与现实“粉丝”文化及其他网络社区的区别。     

试论交际中意图与认知的相互作用

交际中包含说话人意图的表达和听话人对意图的认知。在过去的很多年里,语用学界对此论题表现出越来越浓厚的兴趣。文章试图分析此论题中的不同观点,以说明意图与认知之间的关系和相互作用,旨在提高对这些语用学理论的理解和应用能力。     

教育的基本任务是塑造民族精神——孙喜亭先生素质教育思想研讨

恩师孙喜亭先生是我国改革开放时代的马克思主义教育理论家和思想家,是我国改革开放时代教育研究的积极推动者、研究者和传播者的杰出代表。孙先生的许多著作都是把马克思主义教育普遍原理与中国教育实际相结合的研究,是在密切关注中国教育实践的基础上,对中国教育问题观察研究的成果和理论求索。素质教育是我国改革开放以来形成的具有主导性的教育思想和教育实践,孙先生为素质教育的理论研究、形成、传播和教育实践的发展做出了重要贡献。     

GPS/GIS车辆监控管理系统中的关键技术

简要论述了车辆监控管理系统的工作原理及通信链路的选择策略，针对一套实用的GPS／GIS车辆监控系统设计方案，详细阐述了系统设计中的关键技术．     

谈高职差生教育转化的方法

高职院校中转化差生工作是一项重要工作,教师要用爱心去感化差生,用真诚去关爱差生,对他们理解尊重,与他们平等交流,就一定能促使他们向好的方向转化。