高校贫困生心理资助体系的构建

我国的高校贫困生资助体系为贫困大学生顺利完成学业提供保障,但这一体系中对贫困生的心理资助方面出现缺失,成立专门的高校贫困生心理资助机构、完善高校贫困生认定机制、建立全方位的贫困生心理教育与咨询体系、开展贫困生的诚信教育与感恩教育和提高贫困生的心理自助能力都应包含在心理资助体系中。     

爱的烦恼：第一代大学生代内教育帮扶的影响及其机制

代际教育支持和代内教育帮扶均是家庭形塑个体教育轨迹的有效途径,但后者常被忽视。第一代大学生代内教育帮扶超越父代教育支持的局限性,激活上大学兄姐的独特优势,使同代家庭成员获益。本研究将第一代大学生代内教育帮扶的影响置于家庭本位的传统文化与个体本位的现代文化相碰撞的中国情境下进行考察,结果发现,第一代大学生代内教育帮扶在发挥拓宽弟妹向上流动渠道、减轻父母教育负担、促进自我提升的教育代理补偿的积极效应之时,也衍生出非预期后果,致使弟妹形成路径依赖心理,父母转嫁责任成为甩手掌柜,其自身负荷过重而发展受阻。这折射出家庭内部缺乏有效协作,教育帮扶合力尚弱,第一代大学生因过度教育帮扶陷入爱的烦恼。第一代大学生代内教育帮扶是促进教育公平在微观层面实现的必要行动,其中夹杂着父母无法给予子女增益的文化资本之无奈,也暗含着仅有的“先改写者”补偿文化资本之可能。然而,在发挥其积极功能时,也要减少其衍生的非预期后果,规避不利影响。     

What do prospective students look for in higher degrees by research? A scale development study

ABSTRACT

This empirical investigation was aimed at conceptualizing, developing and validating a scale for the measurement of the quality of higher degrees by research (HDR-QUAL). For that purpose, this study specifically measured perceptions of higher degrees by research (HDR) students about the constituents of HDR quality in Pakistani tertiary education institutions. Following the 7-step process of scale development, three studies were conducted in order to develop an initial pool of scale items, establishing proposed scale validity and reliability, and assessing nomological behavior of the proposed scale. The principal component analysis with Varimax rotation method resulted in a 3-factor solution, subsequently proposing a 15-item scale. The model fit indices of measurement and the higher-order model indicated a satisfactory fit to data. Finally, the resultant three factors, i.e. financial assistance, supervisory expertise, and infrastructural support, converged into a unidimensional HDR-QUAL scale that was found positively associated with student satisfaction, thus, confirming nomological validity as well. Important policy measures and directions for future research are proposed at the end.     

Ethical Perspectives on Body Donation Following Physician-Assisted Death

The increasing availability of physician-assisted death (PAD) has opened up a novel means of making donated bodies available for anatomical dissection. This practice has come to the fore in Canada, but is unlikely to be confined to that country as legislation changes in other countries. The ethical considerations raised by this development are placed within the framework of the ethical guidelines on body donation promulgated by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists. The discussion centers on understanding the ethical dimensions of moral complicity, and whether it is accepted or rejected. If rejected it is possible to separate ethical concerns regarding PAD from subsequent use of donated bodies, as long as there is fully informed consent and complete ethical and procedural separation of the two. Openness about the origin of bodies for dissection is essential. Students should be instructed on the nuances of moral complicity, and consideration be given to those with moral doubts about PAD. Two issues are raised in considering whether these moves represent an ethical slippery slope: the attraction represented by obtaining relatively “high quality” bodies, and the manner in which organ donation following PAD has led to challenges to the dead donor rule. Although body donation raises fewer concerns, the ethical dimensions of the two are similar. The ethical constraints outlined here have the capacity to prevent an ethical slippery slope and constitute a sound basis for addressing an innovative opportunity for anatomists.     

中学生考前心理辅导实验研究

目的：考察考前心理辅导方案对考虑焦虑、复习效率和学习成绩的辅导效果,以及通过集体心理辅导和个别心理干预对学生的学习成绩有多大的提高。研究方法：采用斯皮乐伯格的“测验焦虑调查表”（TAI）（上海师大叶仁敏修订版）,对98年高三毕业班的学生进行测试。根据测出的考虑焦虑程度分为低焦虑组和高焦虑组,分别对其进行考前心理辅导,并与对照组比较。结果：高焦虑会影响学生的考虑成绩,低焦虑有利于成绩上升。无论是高焦虑组还是低焦虑组受辅导后学生的学习成绩都呈上升趋势,而高焦虑上升幅度较大,尤其是经个别心理干预后效果更明显。结论：老前心理辅导确实有利于改善高焦虑考生的心态,提高考试成绩。表明,此方案在中学是行之有效的,也是势在必行的。     

扩大贷学金资助规模推动高等教育的发展

大学生资助政策是国家帮助家庭经济困难的学生完成学业而采取的措施。1999年我国开始大规模的高校扩招,学杂费成为接受高等教育必支付的开支,在校贫困生数目急剧上升,贷学金制度的实施不仅能缓解日益增长的资助需求,克服了以往资助政策的局限,是大学生资助制度的创新。     

教学辅助系统的档案袋评价设计与应用

文章阐述了基于档案袋评价的教学辅助系统的结构设计和功能应用,并论述如何在教学中使用此系统对学生进行档案袋评价,提倡教师在教学中使用档案袋评价方法来真实反映学生的学习及发展水平,促进学生更好地学习。     

海峡两岸反洗钱刑事司法协助问题研究

海峡两岸所签订的《海峡两岸共同打击犯罪及司法互助协议》,大大扩大了海峡两岸进行刑事司法协助的范围,也表明海峡两岸刑事司法协助的法律机制已经初步建立。但是,从合作反洗钱的具体视角来分析,海峡两岸在刑事司法协助机制方面还存在很多缺憾。对此,需要考虑从大陆刑事管辖规定、刑事司法协助制度和洗钱犯罪规定三个方面予以完善,调整大陆反洗钱的刑事法制度,完善海峡两岸反洗钱刑事司法协助机制。     

社会救助与脱贫分化——基于京石低保家庭的调查研究

城市低保家庭大都具有一种或多种突出的致贫原因,体现出城市居民面临的各种社会风险。不同的社会风险对不同的家庭造成的破坏度各异,脱贫时间呈现较大差异。低保家庭最终能否脱贫,关键在于现有社会政策是否与其所造成的缺失相匹配。此分析对评估我国社会救助的效果具有借鉴意义。     

多校区大学学生心理危机特征分析与干预机制研究

通过对多校区大学学生心理危机特征的分析,提出了以预防性干预为主的多校区心理危机预防机制,通过建构多校区大学学生心理危机预警和干预系统,全面、有效地预防和干预学生心理危机的发生,促进学生心理健康的发展。