基于TSM模型的感应电机有限时间跟踪控制

根据变结构控制理论提出了一种新的设计方法——有限时间切换控制。在控制器设计中利用中继切换控制使系统在给定的当前控制律的作用下运行到某一特定状态（或某一特定区域）后,控制律被切换为有限时间收敛的终端滑模控制器,并使得系统在有限时间内达到平衡状态。有限时间跟踪控制器的设计保证了闭环系统所有信号的有界性和平衡点的全局稳定性,以及系统在有限时间内精确地跟踪给定的参考信号,仿真结果说明该控制策略的有效性。     

Motor control of practice and actual strokes by professional and amateur golfers differ but feature a distance-dependent control strategy

Abstract

We explored how practice and actual putting strokes differed between professionals and high-level golf amateurs, and how practice strokes reflected subtle differences in putting distances. We analysed swing amplitude, impact velocity, and acceleration profile of the club-head. The acceleration profiles showed that the motor control pattern of the practice stroke differed from that of the actual stroke. To clarify the effects of different putting distances on the practice stroke and to analyse how much the actual stroke could be explained by the practice stroke, we conducted individual regression analyses. The practice strokes of all participants could be divided into three strategies and five types by the coefficient of determination and the slope. This implies that the purpose of the practice stroke varied among golfers. Most golfers used the individual velocity criteria in their practice strokes, which resulted in different putting distances based on their criteria. Unexpectedly, we found no significant difference in skill level between professionals and high-level amateurs. The results of this study imply that the practice stroke does not duplicate the actual stroke, even for professional golfers with excellent skills. However, most high-level golfers adopted distance-dependent control strategies for slightly different putting distances.     

幼儿双侧肢体运动对智力潜能开发作用的实验研究

学龄前儿童通过有针对性的双侧肢体的协调活动,可以改善不利侧肢体的“偏利”现象,提高幼儿身体协调性和左右侧肢体运动技能发展的均衡程度,起到开发幼儿心理潜能(如提高反应能力)的作用,运动技能的提高促进了智商的相应改善。科学、有效的方法,使幼儿的运动技能和智力的潜能得到充分的开发。     

少儿足球训练刍议

根据运动技能形成的规律,抓住观察、思维、练习三个环节,并使之有机联系起来,结合足球运动特点进行教学与训练,方能取得理想的效果。     

开放式与闭锁式运动技能教学方法的比较研究 ———以普通高校女生排球和大众健美操项目运动技能的习得过程为例

采用教学试验法对高校体育英语和外贸英语两个非体育类专业本科女生习得排球和大众健美操项目的运动技能过程进行实证研究,结果表明:领会式教学方法对学生掌握两个项目的运动技能及其基本战术意识的形成是行之有效的手段。     

教学形式和手段的多元化在教学改革中的应用

在《电机及拖动基础》精品课程建设中,针对课程特点,将科学素质教育和工程素质教育融入到课堂教学和实验教学中,改变传统的教学方法,注重培养学生的创新能力和动手能力。通过建立电机模型室,利用实物、板书、多媒体、实验教学、撰写小论文等多种教学形式和手段相结合,从多方面提高教师的授课水平。     

动作技能控制心理程序的研究

动作技能的完成离不开目标,同时目标确定也直接影响动作技能的运用与发挥.在动作技能操作的这个心因性过程中,依据操作动作技能的目标设置,可以把完成动作技能的心理控制程序表示为三种模式:确认刺激-目标-选择程序-执行、确认刺激-选择程序-执行目标、确认刺激-动作程序-内外刺激-动作要领的控制-目标.     

浙江省普通高校健美操选项课专项运动技能学习评价现状调查研究

运用文献资料、问卷调查与专家访谈等方法,对浙江省若干所普通高校健美操选项课专项运动技能学习评价现状进行了调查与分析。结果表明:目前浙江省普通高校健美操选项课专项运动技能学习评价存在价值取向的功利性,评价内容不完整,评价方法、标准及主体单一等问题。依据《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》提出的学习评价理念,对技能评价改革提出了建议,旨在为浙江省高校体育学习评价改革提供借鉴。     

船舶起货机微机控制装置及其高可靠性保护

本文主要介绍国产微机控制装置在船舶起货机中的应用及其发展情况,论述控制装置的功能与高可靠性保护。     

Indicators of sailing performance in youth dinghy sailing

Abstract

This study aimed to determine indicators of sailing performance in 2 (age) groups of youth sailors by investigating the anthropometric, physical and motor coordination differences and factors discriminating between elite and non-elite male optimist sailors and young dynamic hikers. Anthropometric measurements from 23 optimist sailors (mean ± SD age = 12.3 ± 1.4 years) and 24 dynamic youth hikers (i.e. Laser 4.7, Laser radial and Europe sailors <18 years who have to sail the boat in a very dynamic manner, due to a high sailor to yacht weight ratio) (mean ± SD age = 16.5 ± 1.6 years) were conducted. They performed a physical fitness test battery (EUROFIT), motor coordination test battery (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder) and the Bucket test. Both groups of sailors were divided into two subgroups (i.e. elites and non-elites) based on sailing expertise. The significant differences, taking biological maturation into account and factors discriminating between elite and non-elite optimist sailors and dynamic hikers were explored by means of multivariate analysis of covariance and discriminant analysis, respectively. The main results indicated that 100.0% of elite optimist sailors and 88.9% of elite dynamic hikers could be correctly classified by means of two motor coordination tests (i.e. side step and side jump) and Bucket test, respectively. As such, strength- and speed-oriented motor coordination and isometric knee-extension strength endurance can be identified as indicators of sailing performance in young optimist and dynamic youth sailors, respectively. Therefore, we emphasise the importance of motor coordination skill training in optimist sailors (<15 years) and maximum strength training later on (>15 years) in order to increase their isometric knee-extension strength endurance.