中国大陆与台湾地区高考数学试题难度比较研究——以2016—2018年大陆全国卷Ⅰ与台湾指考试题为例

运用综合难度模型的相关理论,对中国大陆与台湾地区2016-2018年的高考数学试题从"认知、背景、运算、推理、知识含量、是否含参、思维方向、梯度"8个因素进行了比较分析.研究得出:大陆高考试题分别在"认知"因素的"记忆""理解""应用"水平,"运算"因素的"复杂符号运算"水平,"思维方向"因素的"顺向思维"水平,"梯度"因素的"问题互不干扰"水平等方面高于台湾指考试题,而在这4个因素各自对应的其它水平上,台湾指考试题高于大陆高考试题;在"背景""推理""知识含量""是否含参"4个因素方面,两类试题对应的各因素水平之间无明显差异.     

When transnational curriculum policy reaches classrooms – teaching as directed exploration

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to explore how education policy that is both enabled and constrained by transnational policy flows and national policy built up by social, cultural and historical traditions are enacted through curriculum at the classroom level. The focus is on how policy rationality embedded in the structure and content of curriculum is transformed into certain rationalities in classroom teaching. By understanding lessons as ‘curriculum events’, the study reveals a dominant classroom discourse of recitation and similar triadic communication patterns, which is in accordance with other classroom studies. However, in the article it is argued that the version of teaching that emerges in this study, interpreted in a broader context of an international standards movement, can be understood in terms of directed exploration based on the teacher’s role as an explorer of what the students know, think and understand in relation to the acquisition of knowledge prescribed in the curriculum’s knowledge requirements. Even though the form of recitation is well known, the reason for choosing this teaching repertoire is somewhat new and can be related to the teacher authoring a basic oral text in accordance with assessment standards.     

也论"被发文身"

本文从三个角度论证了“被发文身”的“被”同“剪发文身”的“剪”,应释为“剪短”。(1)把“被发文身”和“被发缨冠”中两种情形的“被”混为一谈在实践上是行不通的;(2)两个“被”与“披”的联系枢纽不同(一为音,一为义),因而两个“被”形同义异;(3)“被发文身”的“被发”虽然在发式上兼具“剪短”、“披散”两面,但与“披散”相比,“剪短”是区别性特征。     

中、美、日学校体育教育的比较分析

从总体上看,美、日的学校体育教育具有以学生发展为中心,充分调动学生的积极性和创造性;重视培养学生的体育兴趣和爱好,充分发挥学生的个性和自主学习的能力等方面的优点。比较而言,我国的学校体育教育存在着体育教学内容设计及教学实践等方面的不足。因此,在体育教学内容上,要将体育知识与体育文化相结合,体育健身与快乐教育相结合;在体育课堂教学上,要充分发挥教师的主导作用,建立新型的师生关系;在教法和学法上要相辅相成,培养学生的创新意识和能力。     

邵东方言与普通话的语音比较

文章对邵东方言的语音系统进行了描写。邵东方言属于湘方言中的老湘语 ,较多地保留了中古音的特点 ,其声母、韵母、声调与普通话有很大的差别。     

云南电大开放教育教学质量与成招生教学质量比较研究

通过对云南电大开放教育模式和传统成人教育模式的学习者教育特征、毕业生考试成绩、学生流失率和毕业率等的比较研究，开放教育模式教学质量明显高于传统函授教育（成招生）教学质量。     

词的审美嬗变

词是从唐代的民间歌唱的歌词孕育发展而来, 开始大都是表现歌场舞榭的生活, 多用秦楼楚馆的俚俗之词。当它经过文人的逐渐改造, 审美情趣就发生了巨大的改变。一方面从形式到内容都受到诗的深刻影响, 它的审美趣味也因此发生了的重要的改变; 另一方面它力图彰显词的自身审美特性。总的说来词的审美嬗变表现在两个方面: 审美格调, 脱艳入清; 审美创作, 由比兴到寄托。     

The Similarities and Differences between the Goals of Bilingual Education in China and the United States

This paper studies the similarities and differences between the goals of bilingual education in China and the United States. China and the U. S. have similar purposes in providing bilingual education to language minorities at the elementary-secondary school level. The Americans use bilingual education as a remedy, but most Chinese treat it as a tool for tangible interests. American colleges and universities provide monolingual instruction only, but their Chinese counterparts are promoting bilingual instruction today. Many have considered American bilingual education a failure. The validity of China＇s collegiate bilingual instruction is under debating. More research work must be done before we learn how bilingual education may be efficiently and effectively provided to different groups with various educational needs.     

The contribution of PISA to the convergence of education policies in Europe

The international comparative studies on students’ outcomes have initiated analyses that have had a growing influence on national and sub‐national education policies in industrialised and developing countries. It is particularly the case of the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) which started in 2000 and has organised surveys every 3 years, so that the 2015 survey was the 6^th. Its influence has been particularly important for several reasons: 1) it assesses the basic competences in reading literacy, maths and science of 15 year‐olds students, i.e. around the end of compulsory education in many countries; 2) the assessment is based on a reliable methodology and the tests are completed by qualitative surveys and studies; 3) and the results lead to recommendations and are amplified by the media in most countries. However, it is not easy to evaluate the real impact of PISA because of the existence of other international studies such as IEA's TIMSS and, particularly in Europe, the influence of the recommendations and benchmarks of the EU that has been growing steadily in the last 25 years. Our analysis of the impact of PISA and EU policy focuses on the evolution of the education policy in France, but also studies its evolution in a few other European countries. Finally, we underline the limits of the influence of PISA and international standards in education towards a convergence of education systems because of the importance of their specific historic and cultural contexts.     

汉英句子扩展模式之对比研究及相关汉译英策略

翻译是一个比较差异、解决差异的过程,而句子是交际活动中的基本语言单位。现从句子层面对比分析英汉两种语言不同的句子扩展模式,即汉语的句首开放性与英语的句尾开放性,以及由此导致的不同句式特点,并探讨相关的汉译英策略。