A participatory approach to the identification of measures of number sense in children prior to school entry

The research reported in this paper used a modified Delphi procedure in an attempt to establish a consensus on tasks proposed to assess components of number sense identified as essential for early mathematics success by a broad range of academics with expertise in the area of early mathematics. Tasks included as measures of these components were based on assessment tasks developed by early mathematics researchers. Eighteen questionnaires were returned by academics from Australia, the UK, New Zealand, The Netherlands and the USA, all with published work in the areas of early mathematics and/or number sense. Both the proposed components and tasks in the questionnaires were limited to the number domain. The study revealed considerable agreement with a number of the proposed tasks and thus provided a way forward for the development of an early number sense assessment to be trialled with young children prior to their first year of formal schooling.     

基于灰色关联分析的高等数学教学质量评价

教学评价是高等数学教学工作的一个重要组成部分,学生对教师合理而有效的评价可提高高等数学课程的教学质量。本文依据相关的文献,建立用以评估高等数学教学质量评价的指标体系,利用层次分析法确定指标权重,采用灰色关联分析对教师的高等数学教学质量进行综合评价。以期为高等数学的课程改革和提高教学质量提供参考。     

真实性评价中的项目教学——以中央民族大学研究生英语教学为例

研究生英语项目教学法包括项目教学的特点、实施的具体步骤、评价方式及学生的反馈。实践证明项目教学可以有效地调动学生内在的学习动力、培养团队精神,使学生在完成真实任务的过程中学习外语。     

Situated learning in the network society and the digitised school

There is a need to develop a broader view of knowledge to deal with the way in which new digital trends influence the underlying conditions for schools, teaching and subjects. This theoretical article will therefore examine whether a broader view of knowledge, digital literacy and assessment forms can generate new ways of adapted education within Knowledge Promotion Reform and the digitised school. The article is particularly angled towards the implications this may have for both teachers and pupils, but also for teacher education.     

Strategies for using feedback students bring to higher education

This article explores strategies for acting on feedback that students bring to their higher education, by exploring student perceptions on the guidance they received from their teachers in school or college. Whilst assessment issues have been the subject of a range of research studies, it is the contention of this article that little research has been undertaken to identify the strategies that students possess for ‘using’ feedback. This small‐scale research study was stimulated by M.R. Weaver’s 2006 Weaver, M.R. 2006. Do students value feedback? Student perceptions of tutors’ written response. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(3): 379–394. [Taylor & Francis Online] [Google Scholar] finding that only a quarter of students had received guidance on how to use feedback prior to university. This exploration identifies the guidance for using feedback that 350 students in Humanities brought to their degree course. Analysis of responses revealed the strategies that students had been introduced to, identifying nine indigenous categories. Whilst almost 40% of these students indicated they had received guidance for using feedback, scrutiny of responses showed that many of these students confused ‘actual feedback’ with ‘guidance on how to use’ feedback. The implications of such starting positions for students and staff are considered: questioning the adequacy of such a foundation for students to be able to make effective use of the feedback they will receive in their degree course, and finally suggesting initiatives by which staff could enable students to get more out of feedback.     

Formative computer‐based assessment in higher education: the effectiveness of feedback in supporting student learning

A formative computer‐based assessment (CBA) was one of three instruments used for assessment in a Bachelor of Education course at Queen’s University (Ontario, Canada) with an enrolment of approximately 700 students. The formative framework fostered a self‐regulated learning environment whereby feedback on the CBA was used to support rather than measure student learning. The four types of feedback embedded in the CBA included: (a) directing students to a resource, (b) rephrasing a question, (c) providing additional information and (d) providing the correct answer. Although students originally reported positive experiences with the formative CBA, two follow‐up surveys revealed that they found the four types of feedback to be moderately effective in supporting their learning.     

福建三都澳渔业水域水环境监测与评价

根据2007年5月和8月三都澳渔业水域2个航次的水环境监测资料,分析了澳内渔业水域水环境质量状况,并采用单因子指标对调查区水域进行环境质量评价.结果显示：DO、COD、pH、石油类、总汞、砷、铜、铅、镉、锌各因子的污染指数均小于1.0,表明调查水域水质未受该因子污染;无机氮和活性磷酸盐分别有66.7%、33.3%测站的污染指数大于1.0,表明调查水域水质已受该因子污染,二者是目前澳内的主要污染物,且富营养化趋势明显存在.     

基于CDIO的“高级英语”课程考核方法改革的研究

CD IO作为国际工程教育改革的一种创新,对外语教师很有启发。"高级英语"课程涉及综合素质和技能,知识容量大,需要强化实践环节才能使学生达到课程的要求。其考核方法改革完全可以借鉴CD IO"做中学"、"学中做"的理念和方法,尝试实现考核形式多样化、考核内容科学化、考核主体多元化、考核时间全程化。     

IMMEX教学应用的初步研究

问题解决能力的培养正受到越来越广泛的关注,而准确评估学生的问题解决能力是发现存在问题、提供适当反馈以增进学生问题解决能力的必要条件,同时也是更加真实地评测学生学科能力的重要内容。IMMEX（Interactive Multimedia Exercises）是美国加州大学洛杉矶分校医学院教授Ronald Stevens历经数十年主持开发的学科问题解决能力评估环境。本文针对IMMEX评估的信效度、IMMEX教学应用开展的实验研究和调查分析,得到初步结论：同一学科领域多个问题集测量的IRT（Item Response Theory）成绩之间显著相关,说明IMMEX系统对问题解决结果的评估具有良好的信度;IMMEX系统提供的IRT成绩与学生期中考试中问题解决类题目得分显著相关,说明IMMEX的评测对学校考试有预测能力;基于SPM进行个案分析,IMMEX对问题解决过程的评估Quadscore与教师评定表现出相关性;基于信息点击对学生的解题策略进行聚类、预测,只能对问题解决过程进行粗线奈的评估,还不能满足教师和学生的需要;学生和教师拥护IMMEX带来的学习体验,相比较训练功能,教师更看重对学习和教学的评估功能;不同成绩水平的学生都愿意以独立和协作方式探索IMMEX问题集,也希望得到教师的指导,对教师指导的期待程度与问题难度相关。     

Measuring change in professionalism attitudes during the gross anatomy course

By design or default, anatomy educators are often responsible for introducing students to medical professionalism. Although much has been said about the role of anatomical education, there are no published reports suggesting how to measure change. This study investigated what professionalism attitudes, if any, change during a gross anatomy course. Additionally, the influence of four dichotomous variables related to student identity and preparation for medical school were analyzed for their effect on professionalism attitudes. A cross‐sectional time‐one (T1; beginning of the course), time‐two (T2; end of the course) study using the Penn State College of Medicine Survey of Professionalism was conducted. A multivariate analysis of variance identified the main effects and interaction effects of categorical variables. A Mann Whitney U test verified significant differences. This study found a reprioritization of professionalism attitudes in favor of altruism (P = 0.04 with a Cohen's d = 0.26) at T2. Female students (P = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.38) and students from a science background (P = 0.04, Cohen's d = 0.36) changed the most in favor of altruism. Interestingly, though several factors correlated with dissimilarities in professionalism values at T1, gender was the only factor to show a significant difference in professionalism attitudes at T2. This cohort of students reported a statistically significant increase in altruism and no significant decreases in other professionalism attitudes concurrent with the gross anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ 3:12–16, 2010. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists