Access to and participation in the arts: The case of those with low incomes/educational attainment

This paper looks at the issue of access to the arts in terms of the very unequal attendance at and audiences for the high arts by educational grouping. The meaning of equal access is analysed, recent data for two countries, namely the United States and Ireland, are examined and new evidence is proffered. The constraints/barriers to, and the rationale for, more equal attendance/audiences are examined. The paper concludes by outlining a number of possible responses to this continuing problem.This paper was presented at the 9th international conference of the Association for Cultural Economics, held in Boston, May 8–11, 1996.     

Childbirth Education at the Crossroads

In this column, a reader expresses concern that attendance at childbirth classes is declining at the same time the cesarean rate is rising. The history of childbirth education is discussed in the context of both access to information and changes in maternity care since the introduction of formal childbirth education. Changing goals and contemporary challenges facing childbirth education are discussed. The need for a new model of educating and empowering women is identified, and ideas for changes are explored.     

Journal acceptance rates: A cross-disciplinary analysis of variability and relationships with journal measures

There are many indicators of journal quality and prestige. Although acceptance rates are discussed anecdotally, there has been little systematic exploration of the relationship between acceptance rates and other journal measures. This study examines the variability of acceptance rates for a set of 5094 journals in five disciplines and the relationship between acceptance rates and JCR measures for 1301 journals. The results show statistically significant differences in acceptance rates by discipline, country affiliation of the editor, and number of reviewers per article. Negative correlations are found between acceptance rates and citation-based indicators. Positive correlations are found with journal age. These relationships are most pronounced in the most selective journals and vary by discipline. Open access journals were found to have statistically significantly higher acceptance rates than non-open access journals. Implications in light of changes in the scholarly communication system are discussed.     

新规则下世界男子跳马技术特征分析及我国男子跳马发展趋势

采用录像观察、文献资料、数理统计等方法对47、48、49届体操世锦赛、18届亚运会和13届全运会的男子跳马决赛40位选手的动作类型、动作难度和完成质量进行了研究分析。研究结果:(1)当今世界男子跳马选手上板多采用前手翻和侧手翻类型,踺子上板和踺子上板转体180使用低,谢尔博类型动作没有使用;第二腾空欧美主要以横轴翻转类型为主,亚洲以纵轴转体类型为主。(2)新规则下,3届体操世锦赛男子跳马平均D分接近5.6,高于亚运会、全运会选手0.2分。各国运动员在保证质量的基础上,动作难度上还有一定发展空间。(3) 3届体操世锦赛优秀跳马运动员进一步完善了动作技术、空中姿势和落地稳定性,平均E分逐年提高,平均分接近9.0分,符合奥运周期规律,与亚运会比较具有显著性差异。(4)当前国内缺乏完成高难度6.0+6.0的拔尖型男子跳马运动员,与国际水平存在差距。需加强训练与科技攻关,调整选材方法,用新发展理念审视跳马项目,取长补短,去芜存菁,助推中国男子跳马重振雄风。     

城市银行通信网络的设计与实现

提出安全可靠、实时快捷和保密性好的网络建设原则，介绍了目前我国公用分组交换数据网和公用数字数据网的现状．对ＰＳＰＤＮ和ＤＤＮ的结构、性能和访问业务做了分析比较，提出以ＤＤＮ为主，ＰＳＰＤＮ为备的思想．确定了交换中心与成员行主机之间的链接关系，分析了影响传输速率的因素．通过对各成员行主机配置的分析，提出主机联网所采取的通信协议和以 ＸＰＡＤ对 ＳＮＡ／ＳＤＬＣ主机联网的方案．     

浅议工程量清单计价模式下的工程造价控制

从人工费的管理、材料费的管理、机械费的管理及其他费用的管理等几方面,探讨在项目施工管理中,对工程造价的控制提出新的思路。本文着重介绍在工程量清单计价模式下,工程实施各阶段的造价控制方法。     

2003年广东省少年儿童体操锦标赛调研报告

通过对2003年广东省少年儿童体操锦标赛调研，发现来自广东省级体操训练基地的运动员成绩较好，但全能型体操运动员尖子不尖，多数中下等运动员技术水平较差，整体完成国家最新规定动作质量不高。建议广东省体操训练中心设法将体操比赛作为一种训练手段，经常开展一些小型多样的少儿体操比赛活动。     

温度对酿酒酵母产酒量的影响

酿酒是一个复杂的生化反应过程。影响微生物生长发育的环境因素很多，常见的有温度、pH、氧气、搅拌等环境因素。其中温度具有极其重要的作用。本实验探讨温度对酵母酿酒产酒量的影响，检验不同温度下酿酒酵母的出酒率。结果表明：酵母菌在28℃出酒率最高。低温下发酵品质好。     

Financial aid and student persistence in online education in the United States

Distance education has historically had lower completion rates. Several models of persistence, for on-campus students, indicate that students’ financial status affects their decision to persist. This study involved providing distance education students’ financial aid in the form of institutional scholarships (N = 545) at Penn State University in the United States. The recipients were students who were not overachievers and not at-risk of failing, but somewhere in the middle. The purpose of the study was to test if receiving financial aid was related to students’ persistence. Using logistic regression and Chi-square analysis, this study found that scholarship-receiving students with higher financial need were two times more likely to persist in their studies than those with lower financial need. Results suggest that there is a positive relationship between providing even small financial aid to students with high-financial need and their persistence in their studies.     

A Longitudinal Study of the Talent Search Program

This longitudinal study examined the impact of participation in the federally funded Talent Search program at The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The Talent Search program provides career exploration and counseling services to low-income students with the potential to be first-generation college graduates. Postsecondary education enrollment rates of 758 Talent Search participants were compared with enrollment rates of a control group of 450 individuals who were eligible for Talent Search services but did not participate. Chi-square analysis revealed that Talent Search participants were significantly more likely to enroll in postsecondary education than were members of the control group (p < .001). These results have implications for career development services provided to low-income, potential first-generation college graduates.