Effects of load mass carried in a backpack upon respiratory muscle fatigue

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether loads carried in a backpack, with a load mass ranging from 0 to 20?kg, causes respiratory muscle fatigue. Methods: Eight males performed four randomised load carriage (LC) trials comprising 60?min walking at 6.5?km?h^?1 wearing a backpack of either 0 (LC₀), 10 (LC₁₀), 15 (LC₁₅) or 20?kg (LC₂₀). Inspiratory (P_Imax) and expiratory (P_Emax) mouth pressures were assessed prior to and immediately following each trial. Pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate (HR), blood lactate and glucose concentration and perceptual responses were recorded during the first and final 60?s of each trial. Results: Group mean P_Imax and P_Emax were unchanged following 60-min load carriage in all conditions (p?>?.05). There was an increase over time in pulmonary gas exchange, HR and perceptions of effort relative to baseline measures during each trial (p?p?>?.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate that sub-maximal walking with no load or carrying 10, 15 or 20?kg in a backpack for up to 60?min does not cause respiratory muscle fatigue despite causing an increase in physiological, metabolic and perceptual parameters.     

绩效和财富：我国公司治理中的股价效应

资本市场是公司外部治理机制的主导力量。股份水平既是管理绩效的显示，又具有巨大的财富效应。低估的股价可能引发代理权竞争和敌意接管。在我国，股价在公司治理中的约束机制和激励机制失效，其原因除了证券市场上股价形成机制的非理性因素外，更主要的原因在于我国公司治理结构中的先天性缺陷，其中关键是要解决公司股权结构中的国有股“一股独大”的问题。     

浅谈体育教学中学生自卑心理形成的原因与矫治对策

自卑心理是指个人由于某种原因而产生的轻视自己的一种消极心理现象.体育教学中这种心理的存在不仅对学生的学习行为产生了极大的负面影响,而且也影响着体育教学的整体效果.本文着重分析体育教学中学生自卑心理形成的主要原因,并提出矫治对策.     

农村合作经济组织增进融资绩效的机制分析

传统农村金融安排由于其制度上存在缺陷,不能有效地满足广大农户的金融需求,农村金融资源流失严重。农村合作经济组织是伴随农业产业结构调整而衍生出来的一种中介组织。当其以中间变量的形式存在于农村金融组织与农户之间后,便可以通过其组织职能、载体职能及中介与服务职能派生出多种机制来有效地降低农村金融交易费用,增进农户融资绩效。     

曲面到复Grassmann流形调和映照的迷向性质

利用广义Frenet公式,研究曲面到复Grassmann流形调和映照的迷向性质,给出了调和映照迷向的新的充分条件．对于非迷向的调和映照,得到了与其迷向阶有关的曲率Pinching性质．     

左思《娇女诗》与陶渊明《责子诗》探析

左思的《娇女诗》与陶渊明的《责子诗》在题材选择和表现手法等方面表现出许多相似之处。他们都有非常深厚的家庭情结,在诗歌中绘声绘色的描述儿女的顽皮情状,以幽默诙谐的艺术风格表现了父亲对儿女的怜爱之情。这一类题材诗歌的出现正是因为受到了魏晋时期重情的社会氛围的影响。     

从课文教学中培养英语语感

学习英语的最终目的是进行交际 ,语感与语言运用能力紧密相关 ,语感是外语课文教学的关键。本文从对课文整体教学角度来阐述如何培养学生的英语语感     

Different Disciplines Require Different Motivations for Student Success

This article reports an investigation of undergraduate motivation to learn. A Likert-type rating scale measure of motivation incorporated the general motivational dimensions identified by previous investigators, as well as a systematic theoretical framework that is more novel, and attempts to acknowledge the role of discipline-specific factors in motivation to learn. The motivation questionnaire was evaluated by measuring its success in explaining the academic achievement of biology, history, computing, planning, anthropology, geology, food science and nutrition, and education students (n = 380) in standard university assessments. The findings reveal that student performance is better explained by within- than across-discipline indexes of motivation, probably because some types of motivation lead to success in some disciplines but failure in others. Furthermore, items based on the theoretical framework developed to underpin the questionnaire (which distinguishes outcome from process incentives) were also found to explain more variation in student performance than general motivation items. Some practical implications of the findings are considered.     

让步复句的预设研究

让步复句是主观性较强的复句，故它的语用性也较强。可以利用预设的投射和预设触发语的知识，分别考察两种典型让步复句——“即使”类让步复句和“虽然”类让步复句的预设，最终判断出让步复句的预设并不一定等于各分句预设之和，这要根据具体情况作具体考察。     

Beta-Gamma函数对余元公式的推导与实现

对构造的公式①,在复数域将其被积函数分解得2n个复根.在实数域将其实虚部积分取极限获证.对构造的公式②,由①将其被积函数的连续性、收敛性及一致收敛性与构造的有理数列用变量替换代入取极限获证.再由①与②应用Gamma-Beta函数的另一形式及(3),得到了余元公式的实现.