论篇章结构教学法与短文写作

文章探讨了篇章结构教学法的特点，分析了篇章结构教学法适应的范围及条件，并根据教学实践的经验积累，把在英文短文写作中的中西方思维方式作了对比，提出了篇章结构教学法在英文短文写作中的实施建议与注意问题。     

体育院校冰上运动对男大学生身体成分和骨密度的影响

为探讨冰上运动项目对男大学生身体成分和骨密度的影响,采用韩国ZEUS9.9身体成分分析仪和法国Osteospace MEDI LINK超声骨量测量仪,分别对体育院校2010～2012级冰上运动专项的男大学生和没有运动专项的男大学生进行身体成分和骨密度的测量,并对实验数据进行统计学的分析与比较。结果显示,冰上运动专项男大学生左右腿肌肉含量、基础代谢率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,骨密度显著低于对照组大学生（P＜0.05）,这可能与调查对象的生活方式、饮食习惯、训练年限、运动水平以及冰上运动项目的教学内容有关。建议冰上运动专项男大学生改变不良生活方式、均衡饮食,适当调整运动训练方案,加强下肢的力量训练,提高运动成绩。     

Multiple components of fitness improved among overweight and obese adolescents following a community-based lifestyle intervention

Fitness is an important component of health, and obese adolescents regularly have poor fitness. Unfortunately, few have assessed the impact of community-based lifestyle interventions on multiple components of fitness. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of participation in a community-based intervention involving adolescents and parents on multiple components of fitness of obese adolescents. In a within-subject, waitlist controlled clinical trial with 12 months follow-up in Western Australia, participants (n = 56) completed multiple fitness measures at baseline, immediately prior to beginning an 8-week intervention and at 3, 6 and 12 months during a maintenance period. Performance on the shuttle walk was improved immediately post-intervention (increase of 42.8 m, 95% CI: 7.5, 78.2) and at 12 months post-intervention (increase of 44.6 m, 95% CI: 1.3, 87.8) compared with pre-intervention. Muscle performance of quadriceps and deltoids were improved post-intervention (increase of 1.1 (95% CI: 0.1, 2.1) kg · F and 1.0 (0.02, 2.1) kg · F, respectively) and all muscle performance measures were improved at 12 months following the intervention. There were no changes in waist circumference. A community-based lifestyle programme such as Curtin University’s Activity, Food and Attitudes Program (CAFAP) may be a viable strategy for improving fitness in overweight adolescents.     

Effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise on body composition,glycaemic and lipid profile and aerobic capacity of obese rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session on body composition, and glycaemic and lipid profile in obese rats. Sixteen lean Zucker rats and sixteen obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into exercise and sedentary subgroups (4 groups, n = 8). Exercise consisted of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session. The animals trained 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles and inflammatory markers were assessed.

Results showed that fat mass was reduced in both lean and obese rats following the exercise training (effect size (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.8 (0.5–3.0)). Plasma low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol and fasting glucose were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (d = 2.0 (0.7–3.2) and 1.8 (0.5–3.0), respectively). Plasma insulin was reduced in exercise compared to sedentary groups (d = 2.1 (0.8–3.4)). Some exercise × phenotype interactions showed that the highest decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting and postprandial glucose were observed in the obese + exercise group (all, P < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise would improve body composition, and lipid and glycaemic profiles, especially in obese rats.     

冬泳运动对中老年人身体成分的影响分析

对齐齐哈尔市冬泳协会的116名冬泳爱好者进行身体成分测试。结果显示：长期进行冬泳运动,可以改善中老年人的身体成分,降低体脂百分比和肥胖发生率,提高身体素质,对预防心血管疾病及老年性骨质疏松具有积极意义。     

基于VBA的图文混排题库系统的建立

基于Visual Basic for Applications(VBA)发展了一种新型题库系统，使题库的录入、抽题、试卷生成均在Word下进行，很好地解决了图混排问题，同时给题库程序开发人员和用户提供了一个更为方便、快捷的界面，是一种很有前途的题库系统。     

论音乐在健美操中的功效及其创编

在健美操教学训练和比赛中，音乐贯穿始终，音乐与健美操的有机联系，音乐与动作的和谐，音乐的风格与动作的风格一致性。以及创编音乐充分体现健美操健、力、美的特点，强调美与力的结合，音乐旋律的动听，力求新颖，富于变化，节奏鲜明、强劲、规整，速度适中，音乐衬托动作，动作表现音乐，使动作与音乐水乳交融．完美结合。     

建筑风景画的美学品格与文法范式

建筑风景绘画样式除了各种表现策略外,还有自身的文法范式及构成它自身的表意元素.学习和掌握建筑风景画,有利于提高建筑表现图画的专业表达能力;通过准确反映甚至强化建筑设计意图,增强对建筑、自然的了解,可为建筑设计积累专业素材和专业养分.在绘画表现中,真正掌握建筑风景画的文法范式,对提高建筑风景的审美品格与价值有着十分重要的现实意义.     

Body composition of female road and track endurance cyclists: Normative values and typical changes

The aims of this study were to describe normative values and seasonal variation of body composition in female cyclists comparing female road and track endurance cyclists, and to validate the use of anthropometry to monitor lean mass changes. Anthropometric profiles (seven site skinfolds) were measured over 16 years from 126 female cyclists. Lean mass index (LMI) was calculated as body weight?×?skinfolds^?x. The exponent (x) was calculated as the slope of the natural logarithm of body weight and skinfolds. Percentage changes in LMI were compared to lean mass changes measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subset of 25 road cyclists. Compared to sub-elite and elite cyclists, world class cyclists were (mean [95% CI]) 1.18?kg [0.46, 1.90] and 0.60?kg [0.05, 1.15] lighter and had skinfolds that were 7.4?mm [3.8, 11.0] and 4.6?mm [1.8, 7.4] lower, respectively. Body weight (0.41?kg [0.04, 0.77]) and skinfolds (4.0?mm [2.1, 6.0]) were higher in the off-season compared to the early-season. World class female road cyclists had lower body weight (6.04?kg [2.73, 9.35]) and skinfolds (11.5?mm [1.1, 21.9]) than track endurance cyclists. LMI (mean exponent 0.15 [0.13, 0.18]) explained 87% of the variance in DXA lean mass. In conclusion, higher performing female cyclists were lighter and leaner than their less successful peers, road cyclists were lighter and leaner than track endurance cyclists, and weight and skinfolds were lowest early in the season. LMI appears to be a reasonably valid tool for monitoring lean mass changes.     

研究生公选课程分组讨论教学的规则设计、组织与有效实施 ——澳大利亚新南威尔士大学(UNSW)研究生公选课程教学经验的借鉴

澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的教师通过对学生循环提问与交叉提问的方式,事实上组织起了一场以研究生个人为参与主体的课堂讨论,该课堂讨论通过对研究生讨论表现实时计分的方式凝聚了学生课堂注意力,同时也有效控制了讨论秩序,其教学经验值得我国借鉴。然而,由于两国研究生公选课程人数及国民性格的较大差异,澳洲的教学经验不能在国内同类课堂完全直接适用。有必要进行针对性改造、变通。在改造后的分组讨论模式中,由教师实时记录各讨论小组的发言、提问及评论质量,并通过科学的分数构成及相关规则将各小组成员的个人总评成绩进行具体量化,同时通过小组内部及小组之间的双重竞争机制有效保障研究生个人持续性积极参与分组讨论的全部环节。