试析课堂教学评价中的心理偏差及调控

课堂教学评价过程中,评价者的认知偏差影响到评价结论的准确性,评价对象的心理偏差也会使评价失真,从而导致评价结果的不准确。要能更好地发挥课堂教学评价的功能,需对评价者进行培训,改善评价管理工作,转变评价对象的认识,提高评价对象的参与程度,帮助评价对象提高心理调控能力,从而降低或消除评价者与评价对象的心理偏差。     

The linguistic construction of expert identity in professor–student discussions of science

This study examines how participation in a verbal exchange during an inquiry-based classroom activity allows three college students and their science instructor to use linguistic signs (choices of words, grammatical structures, discursive structures, prosody and poetic discourse) to construct authority and expertise. Our work explores linguistic and interactional processes of identification (the dynamic construction and transaction of expert identity) and examines how discursive strategies adopted by the professor at different moments of the verbal exchange influence the students’ subsequent discursive practices and perceptions of authority. We adopt a dialogic, socio-constructivist perspective on identity, viewing personal identities as being partially constructed via interactional positioning. Our findings reveal that the attainment of expertise involves two different types of language-mediated processes: the transmission of a professional vision or intension and the emergence of a perception of agency among students. The former is centered on referential-denotative meanings of speech (elicitation of standard account and operational definition) while the latter requires effective use of pragmatic–performative functions of speech (non-evaluative and more than minimal recipient practices). Consideration is given to the need for science instructors to be able to utilize pragmatic functions of language strategically to encourage students to position themselves within the identity of science expertise.     

贾谊《诗》学寻踪

根据新近出土文献,分析了贾谊引用《诗经》与四家诗的异同,注意到贾谊说《诗》以“雅”,“颂”为主的事实,说明贾谊的《诗》学继承了春秋官学中“以诗为教”的传统。     

主体性教育改革的内在人文导向

尽管素质教育改革提出了多年,但是教育者总是难以摆脱对传统教育的文本化、应试化和封闭性等方式的缠绵情结。传统教育的诸多不良方式根源于科学与人文的分野,科学理性盲目地控制和操纵了人文理性,造成人文取向错误。针对这些现象,主体性教育改革所包括的三种基本方式,即创新教育、素养教育、完人教育,都有其内在的人文导向。     

多媒体辅助大学英语教学中的问题及对策

多媒体技术和网络技术的飞速发展,给大学英语教学带来了广阔的前景,多媒体辅助大学英语教学作为一种新的教学模式已受到越来越多的英语教师的关注。本文将从当前多媒体辅助大学英语教学中的问题入手,逐步探讨改善多媒体辅助大学英语教学的途径和方法。     

学法指导与学习素质

通过《学法指导》课程的教学实践，从组织教学内容到学生的“学”等几方面，讨论分析了精心设计教学过程，蕴《学法指导》于同步教学之中的重要意义和可操作性，并总结了所取得的教学效果。     

Peer-Collaborator Preferences of African American and White Sixth-Graders in Mathematics Classrooms

Abstract

This study focused on academic and social correlates of collaborator preferences of African American and White sixth-graders in mathematics classrooms in fall and spring. Students’ appraisals of emotional risk were examined as a moderator. Nomination procedures identified collaborator preferences, group affiliations, and social centrality; students self-reported engagement and emotional risk; school records provided achievement scores. Results indicated students preferred group affiliates, but not exclusively, as collaborators. Students with greater centrality, achievement, and engagement received more nominations. In the fall, high achievers received more nominations when appraisals of risk were high; whereas, engaged students whose appraisals of risk were low received more nominations. Results are interpreted in relation to coordinating social and academic factors in peer collaboration.     

A Chat Room—Educational Psychologists but No Curriculum Methodologists?

Although educational psychologists once were tied in with teachers in solving instructional problems, the progression of the science of psychology has led them away from the practical aspects of teaching. Instead, educational psychologists find themselves talking about theories—in their own language—to each other, and not to their colleagues in the curriculum areas. To this end they are not a continuing source of productive information for solving practical problems in classroom practice. Suggestions are made for improving communication between educational psychologists and on-line educators.     

大学化学实验课教学改革的探索

结合教学改革的实践对当前化学实验存在教学体系陈旧、各门实验课相对独立、学时分散、教学内容多次重复、课时浪费等缺陷进行改革研究，提出改革教学体系，整合实验内容，精选实验方案，强化实验教学全程管理的对策．     

新课标下高中物理实验教学改革的研究

本文对目前高中物理实验教学现状进行了分析,通过新课标教材与现行教材物理实验的对比分析,结合新课改理念,指出了高中物理实验教学改革的方向,研究了实施探究性实验教学的理论基础,分析了探究性实验的特征,并给出了实施探究性实验教学的实践指导.