油泥和校园土壤中两株放线菌的比较

通过对菌落特征的观察,从油泥中筛选出一株区别于校园土壤中的放线菌;并通过对两菌株摇瓶发酵代谢产物的核磁共振氢谱比较,为后续研究的深入提供理论依据.结果表明,从油泥和校园土壤中分离纯化的两菌株其菌落都与培养基牢固结合、不透明、较干燥、正反颜色不同,有泥腥味.但菌落正面＂干粉＂前者呈浅灰色,而后者呈白色;菌落反面呈棕褐色,前者明显深于后者;核磁共振氢谱表明两种菌的代谢产物有明显差异.因此,不同环境中的放线菌菌落特征有差异,其色泽表现出对环境的适应;其代谢产物也有差异.     

城市污水厂污泥处理与资源化

城市污水污泥产量巨大且污泥成分复杂．若污泥处理处置不当,不仅会对环境造成二次污染,同时也是对资源的一种浪费．目前,污泥处理处置问题已成为全球环境保护面临的主要难题．本文介绍了城市污水厂污泥来源与组成、污泥危害、污泥处理与资源化的基本方法、处理技术和污水处理厂污泥处理处置现状,进而针对存在问题提出了污泥处理和处置的建议,使污泥的产生、处理、处置和环境保护之间达到一个良好的平衡．     

试论国库集中收付制度

国库集中收付制度是以国库单一账户体系为基础,资金缴拨和使用以国库集中收付为主要形式的财政国库管理制度.国库集中收付制度是建立公共财政框架的重要基石,是规范财政资金管理、强化财政监督、从制度上遏制腐败的重要措施.文章在简述原有财政拨付制度弊端的同时,着重分析了新制度的特征,从操作规范和制度设计两个层面探讨了实施新制度出现的问题,提出了六点应对的措施.     

生产山楂果脯剩余浓糖汁澄清工艺研究

一种自制的聚凝剂,用于加工山楂果脯剩余浓糖汁的澄清工艺。得到良好的效果具有一定的实用价值。     

自来水厂污泥浓缩脱水性能影响因素

本文介绍了自来水厂污泥沉降性能及浓缩性能的主要影响因素。结果表明：污泥的起始浓度是影响其浓缩性能的一个重要因素。同时，改变污泥的pH值和投加高分子絮凝剂对污泥的浓缩和脱水都有影响。     

Immobilization of heavy metals in sludge using phosphoric acid and monobasic calcium phosphate

The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential of pre-treatment with phosphoric acid(PA) and monobasic calcium phosphate(MCP) for the stabilization of heavy metals in sludge and its bottom ash.The tannery sludge samples were collected in Wenzhou,China and heavily contaminated with heavy metals,such as Pb,Cr and so on.The samples were pre-treated with PA or MCP.Then XRD and TCLP tests were adopted as the evaluating methods to characterize the Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn and Cd immobilization in the pre-treated sludge and its bottom ash.The results showed that this treatment effectively immobilized Pb and Cd in the sludge,lightly stabilized the metal Cu,and adversely,enhanced the leachability of Zn.After incineration at 900℃,Pb and Cr in the bottom ash of pre-treated sludge were significantly stabilized due to the formation of their highly thermostable phosphates and pyromorphite-like minerals during the incineration process.However,an increase of Cu and Zn solubility was observed which might be attributable to the acidification of sludge due to the addition of PA or MCP.     

Technological feasibility of biodiesel production from bioaugmented hydrolysate of waste sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant

The hydrolysate of waste sludge was used as the feedstock of biodiesel production, and its technological feasibility was investigated. Waste sludge, collected from No.3 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant of Xi＇an, was hydrolyzed in two parallel reactors firstly. Yeast was added into one reactor for bioaugmentation, and the other reactor without yeast was used as a control. Then an acid-catalyzed in situ esterification process was carried out to convert the hydrolysate to biodiesel. The results of hydrolysis showed that the reactor bioaugmented with yeast could promote hydrolysis compared with the control one because of an obvious variance in total suspended solid （TSS）, volatile suspended solid （VSS） and soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD）. Furthermore, gas chromatography （GC） analysis exhibited that the total volatile fatty acid （VFA） was low in the hydrolysate of bioaugmentation reactor; however, its yield of the fatty acid methyl esters （FAMEs） by in situ esterification was obviously higher when compared with the control one. Therefore, it may be inferred that the hydrolysate of bioaugmentation was mainly inclined to longer-chain fatty acid rather than to VFA. Anyway, an FAMEs yield of 9.24% （wt%） from dried sludge was attained after the 12-d bioaugmentation hydrolysis and succedent esterification. This value was not only higher than that of the control one but also higher than that reported in previous literature. The above results illuminated that it was feasible to produce biodiesel from the bioaugmented hydrolysate of waste sludge.     

利用造纸厂废水污泥制备活性炭

以造纸废水处理厂污泥为主要原料,采用化学活化法制备活性炭,考查了活化剂的浓度、活化温度、活化时间、固液比等方面对污泥吸附性能的影响.结果表明:在氯化锌溶液为40%、活化温度为600℃、活化时间为15 min、固液比为1∶3的最佳条件下制备的污泥活性炭碘值达到320 mg·g-1,而加入10%的茶梗添加剂制备的活性炭碘值可达503 mg·g-1,因此引入添加剂可以改善污泥活性炭的吸附性能.利用该污泥活性炭处理含苯酚废水,具有较好的处理效果,因此加强开发并推广污泥制备活性炭新技术,实现废水污泥的资源化利用,成为处理剩余污泥的一种有效途径.     

油田污水处理厂含油污泥处理研究

对目标污泥进行试验分析,获得最佳工艺条件后将含油污泥在经搅拌后静置分离,原油回收,泥水经机械脱水过滤。过滤后油泥利用氧化钙将除油后污泥在干燥反应器内发生的热化学反应,将细胞水在反应器内大部分蒸发,达到脱水、杀菌等目的。利用微波加热器将部分低温蒸汽加热至250℃以供再次强化干燥。经试验测定,经增钙干化后处理污泥含水率控制在35%以内。     

厌氧颗粒污泥同时反硝化与产甲烷的研究

文章通过向严格厌氧系统中投加硝酸盐后,系统对基质的降解情况来考察厌氧颗粒污泥的同时反硝化与产甲烷的可行性。试验结果表明,向厌氧颗粒污泥系统中投加硝酸盐后,反硝化优先进行,当反硝化完成后,产甲烷过程开始。在反硝化过程中,硝酸盐迅速被还原,有亚硝酸盐累积现象出现。向纯厌氧颗粒污泥系统中投加少量的好氧活性污泥后,反硝化速度加快,亚硝酸盐累积强度减弱。