Inter‐firm Migration of Tacit Knowledge: Law and Policy1

Abstract

Much knowledge is diffused by the exchange of property rights in intangibles. But tacit knowledge, not being subject to property rights, is instead diffused by migration of knowledgeable individuals between firms. The law impacts significantly on this diffusion mechanism, in particular those rules that determine the use individuals may make of their tacit knowledge after migration to a different firm. The general principle underlying the relevant law is that individuals are free to migrate with all their tacit knowledge. Nonetheless there are some narrow exceptions to this principle. That these exceptions remain narrow and carefully policed by the courts is important because imposing too many restraints on use of tacit knowledge post‐term would have a negative impact on real innovation.     

Demand for and productivity analysis of Turkish public theater

We estimate a demand function for live theater provided by the General Directorate of State Theaters in Turkey. We show that demand is more elastic in less developed cities, that attendance is not significantly affected by various qualitative variables, and that the government's practice of offering free passes to government officials is an ineffective way of increasing paid attendance. Comedies and musicals both show significantly higher attendance. Having a Turkish author does not significantly affect attendance. Having a known author significantly increases attendance for more developed cities but not for less developed cities. Being the opening season significantly reduces attendance in less developed cities but has no effect in more developed cities. We also present evidence of inefficiency in state theaters in Turkey through a performance of plays equation in which we evaluate the determinants of the number of performances per play.     

桥式起重机结构件测试中的若干问题

为了使桥式起重机的寿命管理措施更切合实际，必须提高桥机的强度和刚度测试的精度。文中提出了现场测试中可以采用的一些提高精度的措施和方法。     

传统高原训练、HiLo训练、间歇性低氧训练及高海拔地区交替训练(低住高训)的理论比较

运用文献综述法和基础理论分析法,对传统高原训练、HiLo训练、间歇性低氧训练及高海拔地区交替训练(低住高训)理论进行了全面系统的理论分析。通过比较发现HiLo训练和间歇性低氧训练是较为优越的训练方法。     

多旋翼无人机微多普勒特性分析与特征提取

针对多旋翼无人机目标的识别问题，提出一种基于伽柏（Gabor）变换的瞬时频率估计与快速傅里叶变换（FFT）相结合的微多普勒特征提取算法。首先建立多旋翼无人机旋翼回波模型，并通过仿真分析叶片数目、旋翼转速和初始相位等参数对微多普勒特征的影响，利用Gabor变换得到时频特征。在此基础上通过瞬时频率极大值法提取微多普勒频率，并对瞬时频率采用FFT提取旋翼数和转动频率，从而获得叶片长度估计值。实测数据验证了该算法较为准确地提取无人机的微多普勒参数。     

论儿童学习信心的心理建构

学习信心是儿童对完成学习任务的能力信任和学习结果的积极预期。学习信心可以分为泛化信心（普遍信心）和殊化信心两类。殊化信心的建构依赖于儿童在实际学习过程中成功和胜任的经验。泛化信心建构的心理依据是在殊化信心基础上形成的对活动任务的规律性认知和自身能力的一般把握。信心的形成过程是个体内部心理的自主建构。     

基于马尔可夫模型的容错系统可靠性分析

容错系统的可靠性分析是容错系统设计过程中最重要的步骤之一.在容错控制系统的可靠性分析中,利用马尔可夫过程和半马尔可夫过程理论对容错系统进行可靠性建模能够较为真实地描述系统的实际工作情况.但是,由于容错系统为了达到高可靠性而采用了大量的冗余配置及重构技术,使得该可靠性模型往往变得相当复杂.因此,对系统可靠性模型进行必要的化简,可以减少许多计算量并使该模型更加符合实际使用要求.     

区间广义系统的θ_∞鲁棒控制

首先讨论了非受限区间广义系统的容许性问题 ,用广义 Riccati不等式给出该系统容许的充要条件 ;再讨论了区间广义系统的鲁棒控制问题 ,并且用广义 Riccati不等式给出状态反馈下的闭环系统容许且传递函数矩阵的 H∞ 范数小于给定的正常数γ的充分条件 ,最后用数字例子来验证此方法的有效性     

Estimation of 2-D ARMA model parameters by using equivalent AR approach

In this paper, the problem of estimating the parameters of a two-dimensional autoregressive moving-average (2-D ARMA) model driven by an unobservable input noise is addressed. In order to solve this problem, the relation between the parameters of a 2-D ARMA model and their 2-D equivalent autoregressive (EAR) model parameters is investigated. Based on this relation, a new algorithm is proposed for determining the 2-D ARMA model parameters from the coefficients of the 2-D EAR model. This algorithm is a three-step approach. In the first step, the parameters of the 2-D EAR model that is approximately equivalent to the 2-D ARMA model are estimated by applying 2-D modified Yule-Walker (MYW) equation to the process under consideration. Then, the moving-average parameters of the 2-D ARMA model are obtained solving the linear equation set constituted by using the EAR coefficients acquired in the first step. Finally, the autoregressive parameters of the 2-D ARMA model are found by exploiting the values obtained in first and second steps. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with other 2-D ARMA parameter and spectral estimation algorithms available in the technical literature by means of three different criteria. As a result of this comparison, it is shown that the parameters and the corresponding power spectrums estimated by using the proposed algorithm are converged to the original parameters and the original power spectrums, respectively.     

巴斯卡分布NB(r,p)中参数r的估计

巴斯卡分布NB（r,p)是重要的离散型分布之一，当r已知时，巴斯卡分布NB（r,p)中未知参数p(p∈（0，1））的估计是众所周知的。本文分别在p已知和未知的条件下，研究了参数r(r∈（1，2，…}）的估计，并得到了它们的渐近性质。