大学新生心理健康问题研究述评

对国内有关大学一年级新生的心理健康问题的研究做了评述,发现学者们的研究多数集中在三个方面:大学新生的不适应性、大学新生的心理矛盾以及不良身心反应症状,这些相关研究都取得了一定的成果,但也存在一些不足之处。     

Training program in child abuse for community health workers

A wide range of health workers in the community provide care for families that abuse or have a potential for abusing their children. Frequently these workers are unable to work effectively because of difficulty dealing with feelings aroused by contact with such families.An experimental child abuse training program for community health workers was designed by a pediatrician, a social worker, a public health nurse and two child psychiatrists. This program included a six-month study group which met weekly to focus on feelings and conflcts aroused during the course of work with abusing or potentially abusing families.Through analysis of the group experience, the leaders identified eleven sets of feelings or conflicts which seemed to interfere consistently with effective delivery of care: 1)anxieties about a) being physically harmed by angry parents and b) about the effects of a decision; 2) denial and inhibition of anger; 3) need for emotional gratification from clients; 4) lack of professional support; 5) feelings of incompetence; 6) denial and projection of responsbility; 7) feeling total responsibility for assigned families; 8) difficulty separating personal from professional responsibility; 9) feelings of being a victim; 10) ambivalent feelings a) toward clients and b) about one's professional role; 11) need to be in control.This type of group experience seems to be an effective method for exploration and resolution of feelings and conflicts.     

论道德选择中的价值冲突

道德选择作为人类重要的认识活动，往往面临着不同价值观的影响，表现在道德主体的内在冲突、同一价值体系内的道德选择引发的价值冲突、不同价值体系之间的道德选择及其价值冲突等，正确认识和把握这些问题，对于处理不同价值观之间的对立或冲突有着积极的意义。     

Authentic moral conflicts and students’ moral development

This research deals with the different psychological processes people undergo when they experience firsthand authentic moral conflicts. It also discusses the value of authentic moral conflicts in students’ moral development, and reasons for the ineffectiveness of moral education in China. The main reason for the unsatisfactory effects of moral education in China over a period of time lies in the predominance of virtual moral education. In authentic situations, the proper arrangement of moral conflicts requires careful analysis of values hidden in the prearranged or generated moral conflicts so as to utilize, guide, and control them properly. Such arrangement of moral conflicts should be adapted to students’ life experience for deepening their understanding of the moral aspects of life. Also, special attention should be attached to students’ varied requirements, thus leaving enough options and space for their independent participation in activities of moral education. __________ Translated from Educational Research, 2005(3)     

Mentoring preservice teachers: identifying tensions and possible resolutions

Tensions can occur in the mentor–mentee relationship during school-based professional experiences that require problem solving. What are the tensions for mentor teachers in preservice teacher education and how might these tensions be resolved? This qualitative study collected data from 31 high school mentor teachers about tensions experienced with preservice teachers during professional experience programmes. Three themes emerged around the causes of tensions (low- to high-level conflicts) within the mentor–mentee relationship, namely: (1) personal issues (i.e. incompatibility, personality differences, language); (2) pedagogical issues (i.e. lack of pedagogical and content knowledge, differences in teaching styles); and (3) professional issues. Strategies to resolve these tensions include: maintaining a positive professional relationship, regular feedback as a way to address issues, sharing responsibility and empowerment, and using empathy for specific situations. As a theoretical contribution, this study provides a model around low- and high-level conflict associated with personal, pedagogical and professional (3Ps) issues. The study focused on mentors only and further research is required about the tensions preservice teachers experience with their mentors and ways in which these tensions can be resolved.     

论赣南在客家民系形成和发展中的地位

客家民系经历了一个从酝酿到形成再到发展壮大的动态历史过程。而这一历史过程的每一个阶段都显示出地域性的特点。赣南闽西边区是唐末五代接受北来客家先民的第一站 ;客家民系于北宋时期酝酿、发育成长于赣闽边区 ,而于南宋时期成熟于更为广袤的赣闽粤三角区。随着明末清初闽粤客家的倒迁入赣 ,赣南又成为客家民系的发展壮大地。因此 ,赣南在客家民系形成和发展壮大的全过程中 ,均具有不可忽视的重要地位     

宋代讲摩风气及其对文学的影响

宋代士人群聚之时,性喜讲摩,其间往往有文学技巧的竞技,文学观念的交流。经文人自觉记录下来,则成为论诗的文字记录,诗话显然是其中的重要类型。可见讲摩风气对于文学创作与文学评论具有多方面的影响。     

法律的品格与和谐社会的构建

胡锦涛总书记提出的构建和谐社会的目标,为我们探讨法律的品格指出了一个非常关键,但长久以来为我们所忽视的视角。从法律的角度理解和谐,其最低标准乃是不存在冲突。即对于和谐社会的构建,法律的作用在于防止冲突,而不是别的。法律的防止冲突的作用要求法律应具有以下品格:第一,法律应当是明确的;第二,法律应当是普遍的;第三,法律应当是目的独立的;第四,应当是法律的保守性与消极性。法律的明确性使得人们知道何者可为、何者不可为,从根本上减少人们之间相互冲突的可能性。法律的普遍性与目的独立性则使人们能够对法律产生一种天然的信赖感,能够认同法律对冲突的处理结果,发自内心地接受法律的引导。法律的保守性和消极性则为人们消弭冲突、构建和谐社会提供广阔的空间,使得人们能够自主发展,尝试从多种途径构建和谐社会。     

高校学生党建工作绩效评价体系的构建

将学生评价的理念方法引入高校党建评价中并衍生出新型绩效评价体系,其从学生党建工作质量评价和高校基层党建负责人绩效评价两个方面出发并结合受访者人口学特征,构建了13项二级指标和39项三级指标。通过建立二元Logistic回归模型进行指标贡献度评估,于实证中阐明该体系的运用机制并客观评价具体研究案例,经验分析证实了该体系于实践层面中的可推广性与可检验性,希望对科学评价与完善高校学生党建工作有一定的借鉴价值。     

不同层面的个性冲突与婚姻悲剧

《贵妇画像》是亨利·詹姆斯的早期最佳作。在此作品中 ,作者始终遵循着“心理现实主义”原则 ,成功塑造了伊莎贝尔·阿切尔这一形象 ,全面展示了三个层面的个性冲突 ,即欧洲大陆和美国之间的文化差异、众多人物之间的性格差异及主人公伊莎贝尔·阿切尔的性格两面性 ,为她走入婚姻和回归家庭提供了充分合理的铺垫 ,因此使情节设计与个性发展并行不悖。伊莎贝尔悲剧性婚姻具备合理性和必然性