文化、语用与大学英语教学

语言是文化的一个组成部分,也是文化的载体.学习外语的目的是为了交际的需要,交际不可避免地要受到社会文化的制约.为了使跨文化交际圆满成功,外语学习者就必须学习一些与目的语相关的文化和语用方面的知识.本文就大学英语教学中文化导入的内容、方法和原则以及语用的得体性进行了探讨和论述.     

Validity extension of the Course-Faculty Instrument (CFI)

The Course-Faculty Instrument (CFI) demonstrates similar measurement properties with student populations at four diverse institutions. These students agree about the nature and extent to which course and instructor attributes relate to their learning. The results suggest that: (1) a perceived learning criterion may have general relevance to students, and (2) validity extension research is an economically feasible alternative to full-scale instrument development and validation efforts. Since validity extension is practical and facilitates cross-institutional comparisons, it appears to be a more viable strategy for researching and instituting student evaluation systems than is suggested by its current usage.     

高师基础物理教学改革初探

从师范生在教学实践中存在的主要问题入手，结合当前的教改，对高师基础物理课程的教学改革提出建议。     

Frequency of Six Early Childhood Education Approaches: A 10-Year Content Analysis of Early Childhood Education Journal

The frequency of early childhood education approaches spanning 10 years of publications was investigated. A content analysis of publications (N = 492) from Early Childhood Education Journal was conducted. From a previous content analysis six approaches or search words were identified: Bank Street, Head Start, High/Scope, Montessori, Reggio Emilia, and Waldorf. Overall, the current content analysis demonstrated that the Head Start approach most frequently appeared. The results indicate that approaches vary as to their frequency of appearance and that contributors of Early Childhood Education Journal have investigated, reflected upon, and expanded upon approaches to educating young children to different degrees. This finding may be beneficial to future contributors of Early Childhood Education Journal. In addition, we have provided a brief overview of each approach that early childhood professionals may use to aid parents with their early childhood education enrollment decisions.     

The role that mathematics plays in college- and career-readiness: evidence from PISA

Many studies have found a strong relationship between the mathematics students study in school and their performance on an academic or school mathematics assessment but not on an assessment of mathematics literacy (ML). With many countries, like the USA, placing emphasis on finishing secondary education being mathematically literate and prepared for college or career, this raises the question about the relationship between the mathematics studied in school and any ML students may have. The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) ML assessment is embedded in real-world contexts that provide an important window on how ready students are to tackle the situations and problems that await them whether they intend to pursue further education beyond high school or intend to go directly into the labour force. In this paper, we draw upon the PISA 2012 data to investigate the extent to which the cumulative exposure to rigorous mathematics content, such as that embedded in college- and career-ready standards, is associated with ML as assessed in PISA. Results reveal that both exposure to rigorous school mathematics and experiencing the instruction of this mathematics through real-world applications are significantly related to all the real-world contextualized PISA ML scores.     

宣传教育：艾滋病防治的国际经验与中国现状

宣传教育是预防控制艾滋病的重要手段。宣传教育的内容框架主要包括知识点、目标、原则、措施、政策规定等。近年来，通过采取各种各样的措施，广泛开展宣传教育活动，积极应对艾滋病，取得了明显的成效，但与此同时也存在不少问题。要充分认识加强艾滋病宣传教育工作的重要性和紧迫性，切实认真地执行艾滋病宣传教育的政策规定，更加广泛、深入和持久的开展艾滋病的宣传教育活动。     

Impact of external examinations (Matura) on school lessons

In the first part, the paper considers the impacts of external examination on learning and school lessons. Numerous researches and analyses have shown that students from specialized high schools retain incomplete, shallow and often completely incorrect ideas about some natural and social phenomena. They do not know how to connect the knowledge that they have gained. The reason for the low applicability of knowledge and lack of retention is mainly due to the domination of shallow and reproductive studying, which is even encouraged by the external Matura. Multiple‐choice questions and tasks of low taxonomic level, which can be objectively measured or graded, predominate in the external examination. The results, in the second part of the paper, indicate that the knowledge gained in high schools is narrowing throughout the years of schooling. This means that, with the approach of the final examination, exact summaries of learned material, definitions and information are demanded from students more often at the end than at the beginning of high school. Students' comprehension, linking their knowledge to other subjects and topics, critical thinking and applying the knowledge to other examples is demanded more often at the beginning of schooling (in the first year) than in the fourth year of high school (just before the Matura). Also, the democratization of the grading process decreases throughout the schooling. Students are debating with the teachers about form, methods and content of grading examinations more frequently in the first year than in the fourth year of their schooling.     

苏联宪法的内容缺陷及其原因探析

苏联四部宪法的共同缺陷是没有把发展生产力、集中力量进行现代化建设和提高人民的生活水平规定为国家的根本任务，无限任制和限职制的规定，未对国家最高领导人不称职作出罢免和撤换的规定，未对加盟共和国退盟的方式和程序作出明规定。其原因是政治、经济体制方面的弊端。