语境提示理论与对外汉语语用研究

语境提示是互动社会语言学创始人约翰·甘伯兹在研究话语理解规律时提出的一个重要的理论,对于解释会话推理的过程与机制、揭示社会文化背景对言语交际的影响具有重要作用。语境提示理论提供了在语言形式特征与言语活动类型及相应的交际规约之间建立联系的可能性。将这一理论引入对外汉语语用研究中,对于揭示汉语的理解机制和会话策略,帮助留学生提高汉语理解能力,进而提升汉语交际能力具有重要意义。     

A new approach to an old problem

Applying theories of cognition and affect that predict emotional responses to a stimulus on the basis of prior affect toward specific cues included in that stimulus, a study was conducted assessing individuals' fear and enjoyment reactions to horror films. Prior fear of specific cues included in each film was a significant predictor of overall fear reactions, after controlling for prior exposure to the film, fear of specific cues not included in the film, and manifest anxiety. Prior liking of specific cues included in each film did not emerge as a significant predictor of overall enjoyment. The contributions of gender and of level of forewarning about the film's content were also assessed.     

Professional development for online university teaching

Almost every higher education institution is challenged to develop increasing numbers of staff to teach online or blended modes of learning. The process needs to be rapid, cost-effective and lead directly to practical outcomes. From our experience, we had little time, opportunity or the need to start from scratch, and we chose to adopt and adapt a course that was based on a well-rehearsed and respected pedagogical model. We offer our experience to date as a case study with some extracted principles for others to explore and follow. We discuss the value of contextualization, incremental innovation, and mentoring of online convenors. This article will be of interest to those seeking to provide effective professional development routes for large numbers of staff.     

BILINGUALISM IN WALES: AN ASPECT OF SEMANTIC ORGANISATION

The influence of teachers upon pupil performance has been acknowledged in other studies as setting in motion a ‘self‐fulfilling prophecy’. But this informal segregation of children into good and bad academic prospects is in part determined by the headteacher's beliefs about the pupils’ potential achievement during and after their school lives. By setting different levels of expectation throughout the school the headteacher may impose upon certain sets of children a diminished self‐concept. To a significant extent, therefore, the headteacher predetermines the child's developing image of himself not only as a pupil but as a person.     

语境化词汇学习策略对词汇深度知识的影响

基于功能语言学语境理论、二语词汇习得理论和语言输入输出理论,采用结构方程模型技术考察了双语词典、语境听读、语境辨析、语境联想、定期复习、语境造句和语境翻译这七种语境化词汇学习策略与词汇深度知识之间的关系。研究结果表明,七种语境化词汇学习策略对词汇深度知识均有显著的正向的影响,但影响力大小不一。研究结果对二语词汇教学有一定的启示。     

关联理论与英语听力理解中的语境建构

关联理论是语用学的新理论,它对话语理解过程中的心理反应状态进行了解释。文章尝试从关联理论的角度来解释听力理解的构建过程,指出它实际上就是语境化的过程及构建语境的过程。关联理论对深入研究英语听力教学具有重要指导作用,听力教学应该着重于学生语境建构能力的培养。     

语境线索模式探索

基于Gumperz的“语境化”概念和“语境线索”理论,借助语义学、语用学、话语分析等学科的研究成果,分析语境线索的功能,认为语篇完整意义的获得是通过语篇中的语境线索激活知识框架,同时借助语境线索链的功能,运用认知和推理机制而最终获得的。在此基础上,试图通过语境线索理论的新思考,建构语境线索模式,以期更好地描写语篇意义的建构和诠释过程。     

翻译批评新视角——基于历史语境化的翻译批评参数论

就目前的翻译批评现状进行了实事求是地分析,提出翻译批评实践倘若离开历史语境就可能出现谬误的观点,把历史语境视为翻译批评的具体参数,从历史语境化的角度审视翻译批评及其标准,并认定将翻译批评事件或对象历史语境化为翻译批评的重要途径,是翻译批评实证性的重要参数,有助于翻译批评实现公允、客观与准确。     

情境视角下的中国管理研究——路径与分析框架

随着中国与西方存在显著情境差异的合理性得到越来越广泛的认同,具有中国特色的"情境"化因素越来越突出,如何从各种带有差异的情境对管理学问题进行深层次的解答,成为学术研究的一种必然。通过对国内管理领域有影响力的12个期刊1993-2012年筛选文献的扎根研究,本文考察了情境视角下的中国管理研究的现实路径、发展脉络和分析框架。结果发现,情境视角下的中国管理研究包括直接利用、现象分析、情境分析等三种主要路径;经历了从直接利用、聚焦于现象的有限情境化研究、聚焦于现象的深度情境化研究、聚焦于情境的深度情境化研究到聚焦于情境的有限情境化研究的发展脉络;以中国情境化研究方式、情境化程度和时间维度形成中国情境化分析关系框架,匹配为多种情境化分析方式;最后,结合以上分析,对情境化视角下的中国管理研究的未来发展方向提出建议。     

以"三个结合"深化《毛泽东思想概论》教学内容的改革

深化《毛泽东思想概论》教学内容的改革是提高教学效果的最关键所在。“三个结合”不失为一个有益的探索。以马克思主义中国化为线索 ,把毛泽东思想与马列主义、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想结合起来 ,使学生从马克思主义中国化的历程中明确毛泽东思想的重要历史地位和对今天社会主义现代化事业的重要指导意义 ;坚持理论联系实际 ,历史与现实的有机结合 ,增强毛泽东思想的时代性 ;展现领袖魅力 ,将毛泽东与毛泽东思想结合起来 ,增强毛泽东思想的感染力。