语境化词汇学习策略对词汇深度知识的影响

基于功能语言学语境理论、二语词汇习得理论和语言输入输出理论,采用结构方程模型技术考察了双语词典、语境听读、语境辨析、语境联想、定期复习、语境造句和语境翻译这七种语境化词汇学习策略与词汇深度知识之间的关系。研究结果表明,七种语境化词汇学习策略对词汇深度知识均有显著的正向的影响,但影响力大小不一。研究结果对二语词汇教学有一定的启示。     

国外足球点球心理研究进展

点球是现代足球竞赛中的重要技术,对比赛结果具有显著的影响。点球心理研究是足球心理研究中的热点议题。该文从队服颜色效应、罚球员与守门员的非言语行为、罚球员射门策略以及预测罚球员射门区域的先行线索等四个方面对国外足球点球心理研究现状进行了系统回顾与总结,认为每个影响守门员或罚球员的因素均可应用于守门员或罚球员的指导与训练。在对国外研究现状分析的基础上提出了未来的研究方向提高研究的生态学效度与加强质性研究,重视心理干预研究以提升球员的抗压能力。     

教学过程的语境化探析

从语境的角度来看,教学过程是语境化的,教学过程的语境化并不是一个简单依附于语境的过程,而是一个带有规约性与认知性的语境化过程。教学过程既是规约的,也是认知与意向的。     

确指限制与语境存在

大多数情况下 ,英语存在句中名词组不能是确指形式 ,也就是要受到“确指限制”。近年来 ,人们从句法、语义、语用各方面对确指限制产生的原因和确指名词在存在句中出现的条件进行了各种分析。本文提出了“语境存在”的概念 ,并以此重新分析了确指名词组在存在句中出现的理据。     

认知科学方法论:走向认知语境化

认知科学方法论的发展经历了三个发展阶段 :认知内在主义、认知外在主义和认知语境主义。认知内在主义方法包括还原主义、功能主义、内省主义和认知主义 ;认知外在主义方法包括行为主义和文化主义 ;认知语境主义方法包括联结主义、双透视主义和综合式唯物主义。     

翻译批评新视角——基于历史语境化的翻译批评参数论

就目前的翻译批评现状进行了实事求是地分析,提出翻译批评实践倘若离开历史语境就可能出现谬误的观点,把历史语境视为翻译批评的具体参数,从历史语境化的角度审视翻译批评及其标准,并认定将翻译批评事件或对象历史语境化为翻译批评的重要途径,是翻译批评实证性的重要参数,有助于翻译批评实现公允、客观与准确。     

Letter name knowledge and the ability to learn to read by processing letter–phoneme relations in words: Evidence from Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children

Previous studies [Scott & Ehri (1990) Journal of Reading Behavior22: 149–166; de Abreu & Cardoso-Martins (1998) Reading and Writing:An Interdisciplinary Journal 10: 85–104] have shown thatprereaders who know the names of the lettersuse a visual–phonological strategy to learn toread words in which the names of one or moreletters can be clearly detected in thepronunciation of the words. The present resultsextend these findings by showing that BrazilianPortuguese-speaking prereaders who know thenames of the letters can process letter–soundrelations to learn to read spellings in whichthe letters correspond to phonemes, not toletter names. Following Ehri & Wilce'sprocedure [(1985) Reading Research Quarterly 20:163–179], Brazilian preschool childrenlearned to read two types of simplifiedspellings: phonetic spellings, that is,spellings in which the letters corresponded tophonemes in the pronunciation of the words(e.g., SPT for sapato), and visualspellings, that is, spellings in which theletters did not correspond to sounds in thepronunciation of the words, but which werevisually more salient (e.g., VST for pijama). The children learned to read thephonetic spellings more easily than the visualspellings, suggesting that they recognized theletter–phoneme relations in learning to readthe phonetic spellings. This interpretation isbolstered by the results of correlationalanalyses between knowledge of letter sounds andperformance on the two word-learning tasks.While knowledge of letter–phonemecorrespondences did not correlate withperformance on the word-learning task with thevisual spellings, it correlated significantlyand positively with the children's ability tolearn to read the phonetic spellings.     

论贝克的布鲁斯本土理论

多元文化主义和“少数话语”理论已成为当今中西文学研究领域的热门话题。非裔美国黑人文学批评家休斯顿· A·贝克的布鲁斯本土理论是美国黑人文学批评的换代与转型的重要标志。本文着重探讨了贝克的布鲁斯本土理论的基本意义、文化哲学思想和文本阐释的审美维度     

Effects of material properties of cue on impact behaviour in follow and draw shots in billiards

The effective numerical method proposed by Shimamuraet al. (2007) is extended to predict the ball motion in a draw shot as well as a follow shot in billiards. The extended method is verified experimentally using a high speed camera. It is observed in the experiment that a ball rotates backwards with a lot of slip (between ball and table) at first and then rotates forwards in a draw shot. Such a ball motion is predicted quantitatively with the numerical method. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of material properties of a cue on ball behaviour in follow and draw shots and it is found that the impact force increases with increasing stiffness of the shaft in both follow and draw shots, while its duration time is shortened with increasing wave velocity in the shaft for both shots. It is also found that there is a certain shaft stiffness that gives the minimum ball centre velocity, the minimum angular velocity, the minimum slip velocity between ball and table and also the minimum time when the backward rotation changes to a forward one in a draw shot, while the ball centre velocity and the angular velocity increase with increasing shaft stiffness in a follow shot.     

“Shrink Wrapping” Lectures: Teaching Cell and Molecular Biology within the Context of Human Pathologies

Students are most motivated and learn best when they are immersed in an environment that causes them to realize why they should learn. Perhaps nowhere is this truer than when teaching the biological sciences to engineers. Transitioning from a traditionally mathematics-based to a traditionally knowledge-based pedagogical style can challenge student learning and engagement. To address this, human pathologies were used as a problem-based context for teaching knowledge-based cell biological mechanisms. Lectures were divided into four modules. First, a disease was presented from clinical, economic, and etiological standpoints. Second, fundamental concepts of cell and molecular biology were taught that were directly relevant to that disease. Finally, we discussed the cellular and molecular basis of the disease based on these fundamental concepts, together with current clinical approaches to the disease. The basic science is thus presented within a “shrink wrap” of disease application. Evaluation of this contextual technique suggests that it is very useful in improving undergraduate student focus and motivation, and offers many advantages to the instructor as well.