对初中科学随堂实验教学的几点思考

初中科学随堂实验是学生学习科学知识的重要途径。随堂实验的特点有器材简易、操作简单、短时明显、时机灵活、创新开放和系统有序;其实验内容来源有改编演示实验、改进分组实验和注重教材中的＂活动＂、＂探究＂和＂讨论＂等栏目;其实验器材来源简而易得。     

高校研究生科研贡献度实证研究*—以暨南大学人文社科类研究生为例

随着高校扩招,研究生的数量越来越多,他们不仅是受教育的客体,也是科研力量的生力军。研究生综合素质不仅仅指学生成绩的高低,更重要的是其科研能力的培养、协作能力的培养、解决问题能力的培养等方面。科学研究是研究生教育的核心和关键, 而目前国内对于研究研究生参与科研工作的学术研究成果较为缺乏,本研究重点关注的是人文社科类研究生对学校科研方面的贡献及价值体现,通过分析总体贡献度及各类具体指标,进而挖掘影响研究生科研贡献的背后因素,包括政策诱因、评价制度等。     

考虑农产品绿色度的农业生产经营主体治污策略选择研究

在消费者具有绿色选择偏好和政府提供绿色补贴情况下,考虑农产品绿色度对农业生产经营效益的影响,建立农业生产经营主体在非合作与合作情形下的农业面源污染治理微分博弈模型,基于HJB方程求得博弈均衡解。研究发现：无论是非合作还是协同合作情形,消费者的绿色偏好和政府的绿色补贴越高,主体产生的污染量越少、治污努力程度越高;政府补贴激励作用在非合作情形下失效,但在合作情形时效果显著;从非合作情形到合作情形,当政府补贴系数一定时,农业生产经营主体的治污努力及个体收益和总收益、农产品绿色度均实现了帕累托改进     

Selecting an open innovation community as an alliance partner: Looking for healthy communities and ecosystems

Organizations build strategic alliances with other firms with the intent of tapping into partners’ resources and capturing long-term value from these relationships. Such partnerships are typically governed by contractual or equity arrangements with clear mutual obligations. More recently, however, organizations have begun to seek strategic partnerships with open innovation communities, which are novel digitally enabled forms of organizing, and where contractual commitments are not possible. Thus, selecting the right open innovation community as an alliance partner becomes a more complex decision. We follow how the organizational decision makers, in two technology firms that were pioneers of forming strategic alliances with open innovation communities, developed metrics around making such decisions. We build upon Shah and Swaminathan’s (2008) contingency model of alliance partner selection and consider how it applies to the case of partnering with open innovation communities. This framework was useful in to frame our findings, yet our work recognizes and builds upon two key differences: 1) the evaluation metrics used in selecting an open innovation community were more focused on value creation than value capture; and 2) open ecosystem considerations, and not just partner-specific metrics, featured prominently in this type of alliance partner evaluation. We develop the notions of community and ecosystem health to refer to these new metrics.     

面向“十四五”谋篇布局统筹推进创新基础设施建设

随着新型基础设施在经济社会发展中的基础性、战略性作用日益突显,其内涵也从最初的5G、物联网等逐步拓展至包含信息、融合和创新3种类型的基础设施。创新基础设施是信息技术前沿发展和技术进步的支撑平台,也是新型基础设施形态得以持续演进、功能得以不断拓展的动力源;将创新基础设施纳入新型基础设施的范畴,体现了国家对科技创新的充分信任和殷切期待。厘清3类新型基础设施的内涵与关系,认清当前创新基础设施发展面临的问题和挑战,在“十四五”时期高效布局创新基础设施,对于统筹提升新型基础设施的供给质量和效率具有重要意义。     

大数据下中小企业竞争情报网络信息源使用行为研究

[目的/意义] 大数据下中小企业对竞争情报网络信息源的依赖性不断上升,但存在使用障碍。本研究旨在探究大数据下企业竞争情报网络信息源的使用行为,为企业竞争情报工作提供参考。[方法/过程] 基于经典信息源分类,针对现有研究不足,创新性地将大数据下竞争情报网络信息源分为社会化媒体类、互联网公开类、互联网商务类。通过问卷调查与深度访谈方法进行研究。[结果/结论] 研究发现,社会化媒体类网络信息源的重要性增强,但传统信息源的作用不容忽视,质量是影响网络信息源使用的首要因素。     

浙江省人才集聚度对贡献率的影响机制

以浙江省相关统计资料为依据,实证研究了典型行业的人才集聚度对贡献率的影响程度。实证结果表明：人才集聚程度越显著,对产业的贡献率就越高;人才集聚的子效应对产业贡献率的影响存在明显差异,尤其是人才集聚的规模效应对于产业贡献率的影响最为明显。因此,构建人才的引进机制、培养机制和环境机制对提升人才对产业发展的贡献率尤为重要。     

Effects of Conceptual Change and Traditional Confirmatory Simulations on Pre-Service Teachers’ Understanding of Direct Current Circuits

The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of simulations based on conceptual change conditions (CCS) and traditional confirmatory simulations (TCS) on pre-service elementary school teachers’ understanding of direct current electric circuits. The data was collected from a sample consisting of 89 students; 48 students in the experimental group who were taught simulations based on CCS, and 41 students in control group who followed the TCS. Subjects in both groups used open source software (Qucs) to simulate electric circuits. All students were administered Electric Circuits Concepts Test (DIRECT), Science Process Skills Test, Physics Attitude Scale, and Computer Attitude Scale before the treatment. Pre-test analyses revealed that there is no significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of understanding of direct current electricity. After completing 3 weeks treatment, all students received the DIRECT again as a post-test. Analysis of covariance was used. Science process skills and attitudes toward computers were taken as covariates. The results showed that the conceptual change based simulations caused significantly better acquisition of conceptual change of direct current electricity concepts than the confirmatory simulation. While science process skills and attitudes towards computer made significant contributions to the variations in achievement, gender differences and interactions between gender and treatment did not. Eleven weeks later, the DIRECT was reapplied to the students in both groups. Eleven weeks delayed post-test results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in understanding of direct current electric concepts.     

福柯与后现代批评

后现代主义思潮已在包括文化领域在内的社会各个层面产生了深远影响。后现代批评是从文学的视角分析后现代主义。解构主义大师福柯被认为是后现代主义批评的先驱。试从后现代批评的发展史、福柯的主要观点、贡献和理论的局限性三方面入手,力求勾勒出福柯与后现代批评的关系。     

北江上游小流域农业非点源污染时空特性

基于大布河的DEM、土地利用图及各集水区水质监测数据,以ARCINFO、SPSS为主要信息提取及分析工具,对北江上游典型小流域农业非点源污染的现状、时空特性及影响因素进行分析．研究表明,流域内存在一定程度的氮污染,采集的15个水样中含氮量在Ⅲ类水标准以下的水样占93．3％．磷污染较为轻微,含磷量在II类水标准以上的水样占水样总数的80％．氮素输出强度随无雨、雨前、雨后三个时段依次增大,而磷素输出强度随时间变化无明显规律,其输出强度与降雨密切相关．非点源污染的“源”地类对地表径流氮、磷输出强度具有重要影响,各集水区中农业用地、居民地所占的面积比重与三个采样时段TN/TP输出强度的相关系数依次为0．956,0．871,0．764／0．824,0．546,0．737,具有较好的正相关关系．同时,地类对非点源污染物的“源”、“汇”作用因空间而异,其扮演的“源”、“汇”角色取决于不同地类的空间布局．此外,地形因素对非点源污染具有一定影响,但地类对非点源污染的影响要大于地形对非点源污染的影响．