大学理科课程探究式教学的理论阐释与实践探索——以大学物理课程为例

科学的本质与教育的本质统一于科学探究。探究式教学是注重学生自主探究和自我实现的教学方式,是由高级需要所驱动的。这种教学模式符合学习型人假设的内在要求。建构主义的知识观和学习观包括建构主义学习理论的学生观,是探究式教学的理论基础。在探究式教学的具体实践中,尤其强调在具体情境中提出问题、提供观测实验的证据,并对证据做出科学解释。     

论当事人陈述的证据定位

当事人陈述是指当事人就有关案件的事实情况向法院所作出的陈述。对于当事人陈述的证据定位问题,证据法理论中始终未能科学地加以阐释。我国民事诉讼立法中始终将当事人陈述作为一种单独的证据形式加以规定,这一传统型立法模式不但影响了我们对这一制度内涵、功能和程序设置等方面做出科学合理的判断,而且使当事人陈述成为游离于诉讼之外的证据形式。完善当事人陈述制度的最佳途径是对其进行重新定位,并使其合理转向。     

试论我国刑事审判认证的价值

刑事审判认证的价值是指刑事审判认证行为的开展能够满足国家、社会及其一般成员的特定需要而对国家、社会及其一般成员所具有的效用和意义。刑事审判认证的价值包括实体公正的价值、程序公正的价值、诉讼效率的价值、保障人权的价值。在分析每一方面的价值时应指出其衡量的标准,并指明落实该价值的具体措施。探讨刑事审判认证的价值,对于完善刑事审判认证立法、指导刑事审判认证活动具有重大现实意义。     

在研药物关联专利的判别指标

日本版NIH及其制药企业,政策制定·战略规划需要佐证。本研究尝试基于新的指标体系对制药行业现状进行俯瞰与预测未来。连载第四篇,为了基于专利把握医药品产业的基础研究能力,定位与制药企业各个研发项目的进展状况【临床前实验】→【Ⅰ期临床试验】→【Ⅱ期临床试验】→【Ⅲ期临床试验】→【批准申请】→【批准】→【上市】密切相关的专利,尝试导出其新型指标。明确了作为指标,IPC分类、被引专利数、专利引用非专利文献数有效。基于专利的这些新指标,不但是通过在研药物（pipeline）,也可以通过专利把握医药品产业新药创出力以及未来新药的创出力。     

Implementing curriculum evaluation: case study of a generic undergraduate degree in health sciences

This case study presents a longitudinal, evidence‐based approach to health science curriculum reform and evaluation. Curriculum in higher education must meet the needs of diverse stakeholders and must respond to dynamic local, national and international contexts, and this creates challenges for evaluation. The long lead time prior to the introduction of new or revised university curriculum (at least two years), the length of degree programmes (three to five years) and the lag time in the availability of objective indicators of degree outcomes (at least one year post‐graduation) mean that findings may be obsolete before an evaluation can be completed. Few would argue that evaluation is important and methods and approaches for conducting curriculum evaluation are proposed in the literature, although few published reports of the outcomes of comprehensive evaluations are evident. This paper discusses potential for evaluation to establish responsive communication between students, teaching staff and programme administrators, ensuring a match between the intended, implemented and attained curriculum.     

A Pretty Paella: The Alfonsine Cantigas de Santa Maria and their Connexions with Other Repertories

The collection of Cantigas de Santa Maria compiled by Alfonso X (el Sabio) (r. 1221–1284) is a gold mine of musical information; unfortunately, however, much fool's gold has also been found amongst its pages. The CSM have been argued to provide evidence that their music derives from plainchant (thus justifying “churchy” performances) yet also to manifest so many “Arab” traits as to support a “Turkish Delight” style of performance. True, there are occasional substantive links between one or other of these repertories, but these are infrequent and specific rather than numerous and general. A closer, judicious, scrutiny of the Cantigas reveals that they are neither the product of an ecclesiastical nor of an “Arab” kitchen, as it were, but a repertory (and iconography) whose careful examination yields up several surprising secrets, especially when reading between its lines. The CSM are neither fish nor fowl, and the collection contains few, if any, recipes for Lamb Ziryāb or for the Lenten fast. On the contrary, its dishes are, in common with Paella, suorum generis, belonging to a musical cuisine of their own, whose sum is indeed greater than the parts of their manifold influences.     

Muslims and others: anecdotes,fragments, and uncertainties of evidence

Abstract

Against the intensified communalization of civil society and the emergence of new modes of racism in contemporary India, this essay juxtaposes different histories of the Other through critical insights into the construction and demonization of the Indian Muslim. Working through anecdotes and fragments, bits and pieces of history, this disjunctive discourse on the Other attempts to trouble liberal assumptions of cultural identity by calling attention to the uncertainties of evidence by which ethnic identities are politicized in diverse ways. While critiquing the exclusionary mode of 'othering', the essay also calls attention to more internalized modes of disidentification and the double-edged benefits of political identity for the underprivileged and dispossessed, whose own assertions of the self invariably complicate official identitarian constructions. The enigmas of the self are perhaps most vivid in the brutal evidence of genocide, where the apparent 'dead certainty' of killing the Other has been interpreted as a means of making 'persons out of bodies' (Arjun Appadurai). Countering this position, the essay argues that ethnic violence is facilitated by the 'dead certainty' of (in)justice, reinforced by the 'banality of violence' legitimized through state-sponsored ethnic cleansing.     

“Good” organisational reasons for “ineffectual” research: Evaluating summative evaluation of museums and galleries

New displays, galleries and exhibitions in museums and galleries are increasingly subject to summative evaluations, wide-ranging investigations that examine how visitors respond to and engage with particular initiatives. These evaluations provide insights into the behaviour and attitudes of visitors and the ways in which particular exhibitions, exhibits and information resources facilitate engagement, participation and learning. Unfortunately, however, summative evaluation has relatively little impact either on the particular initiative or more generally in contributing to our knowledge of visitor behaviour and understanding of best practice. In this paper, we suggest that the relative lack of impact of summative evaluation is not primarily due to any methodological shortcomings or the idiosyncrasies of some of the approaches that are used. Rather, the organisational and institutional context in which summative evaluation is commissioned, undertaken and received can impose contradictory demands and undermine the opportunity of learning from and applying the findings of evaluation.     

徽州土改后出卖田地的法律凭证--徽州休宁北山乡土改后的田地卖契研究之二

土地房产所有证是土地改革后出卖田地的法律凭证.文章以徽州休宁北山乡土改后的田地卖契为根据,阐述了土地房产所有证的三个方面的法律凭证作用.