技术会聚研究探析与展望

近来,技术呈现交叉、融合的发展趋势,技术会聚涌现,有望主导下一代技术创新。本文首先借助科学计量和共现网络分析对技术会聚研究趋势及热点进行总体概述;接着对文献回顾归纳分析,从技术会聚界定、测度、过程及会聚创新几个方面对技术会聚研究进行梳理并展望。研究发现:现阶段,技术会聚内涵已基本明晰,技术会聚测度研究最为广泛,但技术会聚其他方面的研究成果是初浅的、零散的、不成体系的;为促进技术会聚的发展及相关科技政策,迫切需要学者打开技术会聚"黑箱",开展技术会聚辨识、预测及技术会聚创新等重点选题的研究。     

论民事诉讼非法证据排除规则之建构

建构非法证据排除规则是证据合法性、可靠性以及法律真实的必然要求。为保护公民的基本权利,适应民事审判方式改革以及现代科技的发展,我国应当结合司法审判实践经验并借鉴国外的成熟做法,建构民事诉讼非法证据排除规则。     

Capturing Records' Metadata: Unresolved Questions and Proposals for Research

The author reviews a range of the research questions still unanswered by research on the capture of metadata required for recordness. These include how to maintain inviolable linkages between records and their metadata in a variety of architectures, what structure metadata content should take, the semantics of records metadata and that of other electronic sources, how new metadata can be acquired by records over time, maintaining the meaning of contextual metadata over time, the use of metadata in records management and the design of environments in which Business Acceptable Communications – BAC – (those with appropriate evidential metadata) can persist.     

我国刑事非法证据排除规则几个问题的思考

2012年我国修改后的刑事诉讼法正式以立法的形式确立了非法证据排除规则,修改后的刑事诉讼法并没有简单地移植或者复制“两个证据规定”,而是综合了理论界和实务界的研究成果,实现了规则上的新突破。文章从非法证据排除规则的范围、效力、责任等方面对非法证据排除规则进行解读与阐发。     

域外刑事电子证据取证立法研究

现代信息社会,电子证据在刑事诉讼中发挥着越来越重要的作用。取证是电子证据进入刑事诉讼并发挥作用的关键环节。我国刑事诉讼法对电子证据取证的规定极不完善。其他国家、国际组织的立法有许多先进经验,对其进行研究对完善我国电子证据取证制度有重大的借鉴意义。     

论新刑事诉讼法中的非法证据排除规则——兼论检察机关对非法证据排除规则的适用

新刑事诉讼法明确并完善了非法证据排除规则,对司法实践将产生重要影响。非法证据是因违法取证被剥夺证据能力的证据,包括非法方法收集的言词证据和违反法定程序收集的可能严重影响司法工作且不做出合理解释的物证、书证等。非法证据排除可以在侦查、审查起诉和审判阶段。法庭调查程序可以由法院依职权启动,也可以由当事人方申请启动,由检察机关承担证明证据合法性的责任。检察机关在非法证据排除规则中占据重要角色,检察人员需要提升工作能力,转变工作方式,以使该规则准确适用。     

新《民事诉讼法》对证据规定的改进、不足及建议

新《民事诉讼法》对证据方面的内容作了较大的改动,增加了电子数据证据,改“鉴定结论”为“鉴定意见”,并且在此基础上对原来的证据排列体系作了调整。为了防止诉讼突袭,还特意规定证据必须经法定程序查证属实,才能作为认定事实的根据。这些改动无疑是一大进步。但同时,我们也发现,新《民事诉讼法》关于证据的规定仍存在一些不足,最主要的是没有彻底解决现行法律关于证据分类前瞻性不足的问题。     

中国古代刑讯制度存在的合理性分析

任何制度的历史存在必然有一定的合理性和历史客观性,刑讯制度也不例外。也许古代刑讯不合乎法律的规定,但就历史当时而言它的存在却是合乎情理的。其中居于统治地位的儒家慎刑思想,正是其盛行的思想根源。封建统治者对刑讯的放任态度,为刑讯的存在提供了强有力的后盾。落后的证据制度和机械的司法程序是其存在的现实原因。文章通过解读古代的时代背景。从不同的角度对中国古代刑讯制度存在的合理性进行分析,并对刑讯制度的历史价值进行探讨。     

Knowledge activism: bridging the research/policy divide

How research can better inform policy and how policy can have a better research base are longstanding issues both in educational research and across public policy generally. Drawing on the work of Hannah Arendt, this article argues that progress in increasing the impact of research can be made through a clearer understanding of the nature of politics. Arendt’s identification of ‘persuasion’ as the defining activity of the political sphere is used to argue that the communication of research findings, relevant to education policy, must be similarly aligned if it is to be effective. The article views approaches such as knowledge transfer and knowledge exchange as inadequately constructed and instead promotes the concept of ‘knowledge activism’ as a means by which research evidence can be made operational in political terms. The article acknowledges the risk to academic integrity and objectivity of such overtly political behaviour but argues that remaining outside the political sphere simply guarantees minimal research impact.     

The place of surface anatomy in the medical literature and undergraduate anatomy textbooks

The aims of this review were to examine the place of surface anatomy in the medical literature, particularly the methods and approaches used in teaching surface and living anatomy and assess commonly used anatomy textbooks in regard to their surface anatomy contents. PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched using the following keywords “surface anatomy,” “living anatomy,” “teaching surface anatomy,” “bony landmarks,” “peer examination” and “dermatomes”. The percentage of pages covering surface anatomy in each textbook was calculated as well as the number of images covering surface anatomy. Clarity, quality and adequacy of surface anatomy contents was also examined. The search identified 22 research papers addressing methods used in teaching surface anatomy, 31 papers that can help in the improvement of surface anatomy curriculum, and 12 anatomy textbooks . These teaching methods included: body painting, peer volunteer surface anatomy, use of a living anatomy model, real time ultrasound, virtual (visible) human dissector (VHD), full body digital x‐ray of cadavers (Lodox^® Statscan^® images) combined with palpating landmarks on peers and the cadaver, as well as the use of collaborative, contextual and self‐directed learning. Nineteen of these studies were published in the period from 2006 to 2013. The 31 papers covered evidence‐based and clinically‐applied surface anatomy. The percentage of surface anatomy in textbooks' contents ranged from 0 to 6.2 with an average of 3.4%. The number of medical illustrations on surface anatomy varied from 0 to 135. In conclusion, although there has been a progressive increase in publications addressing methods used in teaching surface anatomy over the last six to seven years, most anatomy textbooks do not provide students with adequate information about surface anatomy. Only three textbooks provided a solid explanation and foundation of understanding surface anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 6: 415–432. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.