利用知识发现工具Arrowsmith探讨当归与痛经的相关性

利用知识发现工具Arrowsmith,探讨当归与痛经的相关性,发现当归中部分有效成分对痛经有潜在的治疗作用,另一部分有效成分则不利于痛经的治疗,说明基于文献的知识发现形成的知识关联结果,不仅能为实验室试验或临床观察提供可证实或否定的数据,也能为研究者提供新的研究思路。     

Understanding the investigation-stage overrepresentation of First Nations children in the child welfare system: An analysis of the First Nations component of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect 2008

Objectives

The overrepresentation of Aboriginal children in child welfare systems in the U.S., Canada, and Australia is well documented, but limited attention has been paid to investigation-stage disproportionality. This paper examines the overrepresentation of First Nations (the largest of three federally recognized Aboriginal groups in Canada) children, focusing on three questions: (1) What is the level/nature of First Nations overrepresentation at the investigation stage? (2) What is known about the source of referrals in child welfare investigations involving First Nations children? (3) What risk factors and child functioning concerns are identified for investigated First Nations children and families?

Methods

The First Nations Component of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (FNCIS-2008) was designed to address limitations in existing Aboriginal child welfare data: it sampled one quarter of the Aboriginally governed child welfare agencies that conduct investigations in Canada, gathered data on over 3,000 investigations involving First Nations children, and incorporated weights designed for analysis of First Nations data. Bivariate analyses are used to compare investigations involving First Nations and non-Aboriginal children.

Results

The rate of investigations for First Nations children living in the areas served by sampled agencies was 4.2 times that for non-Aboriginal children; investigation-stage overrepresentation was compounded by each short term case disposition examined. A higher proportion of First Nations than non-Aboriginal investigations involved non-professional referrals, a pattern consistent with disparities in access to alternative services. Workers expressed concerns about multiple caregiver risk factor concerns for more than ½ of investigated First Nations families and, with the exception of “health issues”, identified every caregiver/household risk factor examined in a greater percentage of First Nations than non-Aboriginal households.

Conclusions

It would be extremely difficult to reduce First Nations overrepresentation at later decision points without addressing overrepresentation at the investigation-stage. Despite the serious needs of investigated First Nations families, alternatives to traditional child protection responses may be appropriate in many cases. If First Nations overrepresentation is to be reduced, child welfare agencies must be equipped to provide supports needed to help families address factors such as poverty, substance abuse, domestic violence, and lack of social supports.     

Persons with Drug Addiction as Knowledge Providers: Their Contribution to Social Work Education

Social work students' stereotypical perceptions of excluded populations could be decisive in the way they treat those who are excluded. In an attempt to change such perceptions and enhance knowledge about how to work with an excluded population, a dialogue-in-class model was implemented between students of social work in Israel and persons with drug addiction. The experiences of 292 students were evaluated by utilizing a semi-structured instrument. The findings indicated the potential of this model (in which representatives of an excluded population are the knowledge providers) to expand and enrich the unidimensional and stereotypical way in which students may perceive persons with drug addiction. The participants drew implications for future practice with excluded populations. These included both the importance of coming to a fuller understanding of the unique difficulties and needs of each person and the necessity of overcoming barriers hindering connection with persons in excluded populations, thus reducing their sense of exclusion.     

Confronting Physical Activity Programming Barriers for People with Disabilities: The Empowerment Model

Community-based physical activity programs for people with disabilities have barriers that are unique to their program leader qualifications and the population they serve. Moran and Block (2010) argued that there is a need for practical strategies that are easy for communities to implement, maximize resources, and minimize the impact of barriers on each individual. The purpose of this article was to build upon the work of Moran and Block by identifying and systematically addressing barriers to physical activity for people with disabilities in ways that target their sources of self-efficacy. The Empowerment Model is introduced, along with its multi-tiered empowerment continuum of training, support, and programming strands. The goal of the tiered empowerment continuum is to progressively move populations to more independent levels of training, support, and programming.     

赫哲族教育研究综述

通过对近年来有关赫哲族教育研究的文献的梳理,整理出赫哲族自古至今教育形式的演变以及各个时期教育内容和形式的特点,并且针对当今赫哲族学校教育发展的情况,提出了现有研究的一些优点和不足。当前对赫哲族教育的研究存在的问题主要是研究内容较为单薄,研究者的立场单一,很多问题有待深入思考等。     

美国营利性高等学校兴起的动因——对于挑战的回应

美国整个高等教育领域面对诸多的挑战,财政压力、身份定位、效率低下、社会公益和多样化、学术和商业平衡.在这个大环境背景下,分析营利性高等学校对于这些挑战的独特回应,从而理解营利性高等学校兴起的动因和营利性高等学校的重要性.     

Sources for Animal Biodiversity

SUMMARY

As ecological and human pressures on animal populations increase, so does the discussion of the importance of animal biodiversity. This paper presents sources that can be used to research animal biodiversity and related topics.     

企业经营的统计决策研究

采集与企业经营密切相关的宏观和微观经济数据,筛选出与预测结果变量高度相关的影响因素作为自变量,进行多元相关系数分析和线性回归分析,同时对分析的结果进行误差估计。预测未来的利润额度和经营风险,为企业下期工作计划的制定和经营、管理系统的改进,提供可靠的理论依据。     

The role of visual discrimination in the learning-to-read process

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the extent to which visual discrimination (VisD) skills play a role in developing letter identification abilities, which are essential in learning to read. Results from a correlational analysis of 73 4- and 5-year-olds revealed a significant association between VisD and letter identification abilities, which was not moderated by estimated nonverbal or verbal abilities or lexical access. Stronger VisD abilities also were positively associated with better phonemic awareness skills, presumably because of the association between letter knowledge and phonemic skills, or letter-sound correspondence. A pilot study explored the benefit of visual discrimination training of letter-like forms to letter learning for a subset of 28 children with below average lowercase letter identification abilities. Only letter-name training significantly impacted lowercase letter identification; visual discrimination training did not further enhance performance. Implications for theory and applications to interventions aimed at children at risk for reading delays are discussed.

烷基电子效应浅析

本从诱导效应、超共轭效应以及极化作用等几方面对烷基的电子效应作了浅析,认为烷基的诱导效应是吸电子的,其超共轭效应对正负电荷都具有稳定作用。据此,对某些基础问题的解释进行了讨论。