农用地分等评价方法在耕地占补平衡考核中的应用——以广东省连州市为例

随着社会经济的发展，耕地数量急剧减少和各项非农建设占用耕地面积不断扩大的矛盾日益突出，为解决人口高峰年的粮食安全问题，国家提出了实施耕地总量动态平衡战略，实现耕地总量动态平衡的重要基础之一就是耕地占补平衡。当前我国耕地占补平衡的关键问题是片面强调数量平衡，缺乏新增耕地的质量评价衡量标准，从而使我国的新增耕地质量总体趋于下滑，某些地区生态环境恶化。因此，确定耕地质量的衡量标准，建立耕地质量检验机制已成为耕地占补平衡的关键。本文根据农用地分等理论及方法，结合我国耕地占补平衡中所存在的问题，对耕地占补平衡的评价方法进行了初步探讨，并以广东省连州市为例进行实证研究，确定了连州市耕地占补平衡评价体系及测算方法，为在全国范围内实现可持续发展的耕地占补平衡提供依据。     

企业平衡式创新搜寻及其阶段效应-间断性平衡还是同时性平衡？

开放式创新要求企业跨越组织边界搜寻外部知识。为了识别“前瞻-反应型”二元搜寻平衡与企业发展阶段的动态匹配规律,基于我国中小企业调查样本进行实证分析,结果发现：平衡式搜寻对创新绩效具有显著的正向影响,但是企业在初创期和成长期的二元搜寻平衡模式存在差异。在初创期,前瞻型与反应型两类搜寻策略间不存在互补效应,且二元均衡程度过高或差异过大,均不利于企业创新;而在成长期,前瞻型与反应型两类搜寻策略间存在互补效应,且同时性平衡程度越高,创新绩效越好。据此探讨了企业在不同阶段的最佳平衡模式,即初创期的企业选择“间断性平衡”较为合适,进入成长期后,企业需要将平衡模式转换为“同时性平衡”。     

我国竞业禁止协议中用人单位和劳动者的利益平衡

竞业禁止协议已成为现代社会企业保护商业秘密的有效途径。在竞业禁止协议的订立、无效和终止程序中既贯彻自愿、平等、诚实信用原则,又应始终注意维持用人单位和劳动者的利益平衡。鉴于我国目前法律对竞业禁止协议规制的不全面不系统,导致的用人单位和劳动者的利益失衡,本文提出应在借鉴各国立法经验的基础上对竞业禁止协议作出更加全面的规范,以指导当事人的行为,构建和维护和谐的劳动关系。     

浅析服装的结构平衡

服装的结构平衡决定了整件服装的外观穿着效果,结构平衡包括部位和部件两个方面,本文主要对这两个方面进行分析,找出不平衡现象的原因和改正的方法,以防止疵病的产生。     

对城市与乡镇幼儿园810名3~6岁学龄前儿童感觉统合能力的测试研究

通过对８１０名不同性别、不同地域的３～６岁学龄前儿童感统合能力的测试发现,我国学龄前儿童感觉统合失调的发生具有普遍性,并存在明显的地域、性别、年龄、出生状态以及后天教育差异。建议相关人员高度重视并积极开展儿童感觉统合训练,以期预防和矫正獐感统合失调。     

平衡训练影响踝关节功能稳定性的研究

目的:对踝关节不稳人群进行不同方式的平衡训练,以提高踝关节平衡控制能力及稳定性,减少踝关节损伤的发生几率;比较不同平衡训练方法对改善踝关节稳定性的实用性及优劣性。方法:进行为期3周的Biodex Balance System仪器及Bosu平衡球训练,测试踝关节稳定性。结果及结论:结果显示,Biodex Balance System仪器和Bosu平衡球都能显著提高个体踝关节稳定性及方向控制能力;Biodex Balance System仪对踝关节稳定性的提高更为明显。     

我国居民平衡能力的增龄性变化特征及影响因素分析——以山西省为例

探讨平衡能力的增龄性变化特点及相关因素,为改善不同年龄段平衡能力提供参考.方法:以20~69岁国民体质监测人员35112人作为研究对象.采用闭眼单脚站立作为评价人体静态平衡能力的监测标准.利用SPSS 17.0统计软件对测试数据进行统计分析.结果:1)静态平衡能力呈增龄性降低,在35~44岁显著降低.男、女性各年龄段平衡能力随年龄递增的变化走势相同,男性各年龄段静态平衡能力优于女性,除20~24和40~44岁两个年龄段外,其他年龄段性别间具有显著差异.2)静态平衡能力和反应时、BMI指数具有明显的负相关性,和坐位体前屈、握力具有明显的正相关性.结论:反应时、肌肉力量和柔韧性随年龄增长的改变可能是引起静态平衡能力随年龄增长发生改变的重要原因.运动和控制身体重量可以明显提高和改善平衡能力.     

The dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (DCRe): introducing relative and absolute reliability scores

Analytical methods to assess thigh muscle balance need to provide reliable data to allow meaningful interpretation. However, reproducibility of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare relative and absolute reliability indices of its angle and moment values with conventional and functional hamstring–quadriceps ratios. Furthermore, effects of familiarisation and angular velocity on reproducibility were analysed. A number of 33 male volunteers participated in 3 identical test sessions. Peak moments (PMs) were determined unilaterally during maximum concentric and eccentric knee flexion (prone) and extension (supine position) at 0.53, 1.57 and 2.62 rad · s^–1. A repeated measure, ANOVA, confirmed systematic bias. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement indicated relative and absolute reliability. Correlation coefficients were averaged over respective factors and tested for significant differences. All balance scores showed comparable low-to-moderate relative (<0.8–0.9) and good absolute reliability (<10%). Relative reproducibility of dynamic control equilibrium parameters augmented with increasing angular velocity, but not with familiarisation. At 2.62 rad · s^–1, high (moment: 0.906) to moderate (angle: 0.833) relative reliability scores with accordingly high absolute indices (4.9% and 6.4%) became apparent. Thus, the dynamic control equilibrium is an equivalent method for the reliable assessment of thigh muscle balance.     

Superior short-term learning effect of visual and sensory organisation ability when sensory information is unreliable in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts

Rhythmic gymnasts specialise in dynamic balance under sensory conditions of numerous somatosensory, visual, and vestibular stimulations. This study investigated whether adolescent rhythmic gymnasts are superior to peers in Sensory Organisation test (SOT) performance, which quantifies the ability to maintain standing balance in six sensory conditions, and explored whether they plateaued faster during familiarisation with the SOT. Three and six sessions of SOTs were administered to 15 female rhythmic gymnasts (15.0 ± 1.8 years) and matched peers (15.1 ± 2.1 years), respectively. The gymnasts were superior to their peers in terms of fitness measures, and their performance was better in the SOT equilibrium score when visual information was unreliable. The SOT learning effects were shown in more challenging sensory conditions between Sessions 1 and 2 and were equivalent in both groups; however, over time, the gymnasts gained marginally significant better visual ability and relied less on visual sense when unreliable. In conclusion, adolescent rhythmic gymnasts have generally the same sensory organisation ability and learning rates as their peers. However, when visual information is unreliable, they have superior sensory organisation ability and learn faster to rely less on visual sense.     

Bicycle rider control skills: expertise and assessment

Abstract

Research on how human balance and control bicycles are inconclusive, largely due to the small number of participants in the previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that 1) cycling lateral deviation amplitude will reliably show differences between more and less experienced cyclists and 2) more experienced will exhibit slower and smaller steering motions compared to the less experienced cyclists. Twenty-eight experienced and inexperienced cyclists rode a bicycle in a straight line. Lateral deviation, steering and roll were measured. Intersession reliability of the deviation was high with Cronbach’s alpha values higher than 0.75. The amplitude, variability and rate of steering and roll parameters showed statistically significant differences between the groups. The test used in this study is sensitive to detect differences between more and less experienced cyclists and can be used for further research that aims to test the effect of a specific intervention addressing rider control. We also showed that steering and roll angle, which were described before as two of the main motor control actions in bicycle control, differ in the variability, amplitude and rate between more and less experienced cyclists. The results of the present study have practical implications for improving bicycle rider control and increasing the safety of cyclists.