Superior short-term learning effect of visual and sensory organisation ability when sensory information is unreliable in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts

Rhythmic gymnasts specialise in dynamic balance under sensory conditions of numerous somatosensory, visual, and vestibular stimulations. This study investigated whether adolescent rhythmic gymnasts are superior to peers in Sensory Organisation test (SOT) performance, which quantifies the ability to maintain standing balance in six sensory conditions, and explored whether they plateaued faster during familiarisation with the SOT. Three and six sessions of SOTs were administered to 15 female rhythmic gymnasts (15.0 ± 1.8 years) and matched peers (15.1 ± 2.1 years), respectively. The gymnasts were superior to their peers in terms of fitness measures, and their performance was better in the SOT equilibrium score when visual information was unreliable. The SOT learning effects were shown in more challenging sensory conditions between Sessions 1 and 2 and were equivalent in both groups; however, over time, the gymnasts gained marginally significant better visual ability and relied less on visual sense when unreliable. In conclusion, adolescent rhythmic gymnasts have generally the same sensory organisation ability and learning rates as their peers. However, when visual information is unreliable, they have superior sensory organisation ability and learn faster to rely less on visual sense.     

Bicycle rider control skills: expertise and assessment

Abstract

Research on how human balance and control bicycles are inconclusive, largely due to the small number of participants in the previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that 1) cycling lateral deviation amplitude will reliably show differences between more and less experienced cyclists and 2) more experienced will exhibit slower and smaller steering motions compared to the less experienced cyclists. Twenty-eight experienced and inexperienced cyclists rode a bicycle in a straight line. Lateral deviation, steering and roll were measured. Intersession reliability of the deviation was high with Cronbach’s alpha values higher than 0.75. The amplitude, variability and rate of steering and roll parameters showed statistically significant differences between the groups. The test used in this study is sensitive to detect differences between more and less experienced cyclists and can be used for further research that aims to test the effect of a specific intervention addressing rider control. We also showed that steering and roll angle, which were described before as two of the main motor control actions in bicycle control, differ in the variability, amplitude and rate between more and less experienced cyclists. The results of the present study have practical implications for improving bicycle rider control and increasing the safety of cyclists.     

体育场地资源配置的均衡性研究

摘要：采用文献资料调研法和数理统计法,借鉴统计学和经济学中的基尼系数,按人口、经济和陆域面积等分布对福建省体育场地建设与管理所投入的人力、物力、财力、信息等资源配置的均衡性进行分析。结果表明：基于人口和经济分布的福建省体育场地资源配置均衡性好于陆域面积分布的均衡性;福建省体育场地从业人员、体育场地投资配置处于不均衡状态,福州市、厦门市和泉州市高于其他区市;体育场地面积处于相对合理状态,但重量轻质,城乡差异明显;体育场地对外开放配置处于使用效益低的相对合理状态。履行政府职责、转变配置理念、完善政策措施、强化生态化管理、创新评价机制是实现福建省体育场地资源均衡配置,促进体育场地资源创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享发展的重要举措。     

我国居民平衡能力的增龄性变化特征及影响因素分析——以山西省为例

探讨平衡能力的增龄性变化特点及相关因素,为改善不同年龄段平衡能力提供参考.方法:以20~69岁国民体质监测人员35112人作为研究对象.采用闭眼单脚站立作为评价人体静态平衡能力的监测标准.利用SPSS 17.0统计软件对测试数据进行统计分析.结果:1)静态平衡能力呈增龄性降低,在35~44岁显著降低.男、女性各年龄段平衡能力随年龄递增的变化走势相同,男性各年龄段静态平衡能力优于女性,除20~24和40~44岁两个年龄段外,其他年龄段性别间具有显著差异.2)静态平衡能力和反应时、BMI指数具有明显的负相关性,和坐位体前屈、握力具有明显的正相关性.结论:反应时、肌肉力量和柔韧性随年龄增长的改变可能是引起静态平衡能力随年龄增长发生改变的重要原因.运动和控制身体重量可以明显提高和改善平衡能力.     

平衡训练影响踝关节功能稳定性的研究

目的:对踝关节不稳人群进行不同方式的平衡训练,以提高踝关节平衡控制能力及稳定性,减少踝关节损伤的发生几率;比较不同平衡训练方法对改善踝关节稳定性的实用性及优劣性。方法:进行为期3周的Biodex Balance System仪器及Bosu平衡球训练,测试踝关节稳定性。结果及结论:结果显示,Biodex Balance System仪器和Bosu平衡球都能显著提高个体踝关节稳定性及方向控制能力;Biodex Balance System仪对踝关节稳定性的提高更为明显。     

一个带协变量调整多响应比较的高效方法及其在基因组数据中的应用

目前在文献中有很多关于多响应比较的研究方法,但是对带协变量调整的非参数检验的研究较少。一种直观的想法是将数据先投影到协变量的正交空间中,然后再利用秩和检验、调整的秩和检验或最大值检验方法。但是,功效普遍不高。在调整的秩和检验和伪F检验两种方法基础上,构建MIN2检验。大量模拟和实际数据表明,MIN2检验的效果优于现有的非参数检验方法。     

美国国会图书馆软件保存立法例研究

考察美国国会图书馆关于软件保存的最新行政立法,旨在透析美国禁止规避技术措施例外制度如何平衡软件作品版权人与图书馆、档案馆或博物馆等负有公共服务使命机构之间的利益冲突.通过分析利益攸关方在立法质证环节的博弈焦点,解读该立法文本的逻辑结构,可知在法定情形下,图书馆等机构规避软件作品之上的技术保护措施系非侵权使用.该项立法体...     

民族民间传统文化的知识产权保护--以侗族大歌为例

文章简介了侗族大歌,指出其濒临灭绝亟待保护;随后运用法律经济学利益平衡机制,强调侗族大歌知识产权保护的理论基础必须是侗族大歌创造与传承、创造与使用和创造者利益与族群利益、社会公共利益三方面的平衡;最后提出了侗族大歌知识产权保护的立法建议。     

试析邓小平收入分配思想的“双论结构”

邓小平收入分配思想的内容丰富,但概括起来说是一个“双论结构”,即可以全部包容在“收入差距论”和“共同富裕论”之中。“双论结构”所包含的思想,是我国现阶段解决公平与效率问题的理论均衡点。我国改革过程中出现的公平与效率的矛盾,不仅不是“双论结构”引发的,而且必须依靠“收入差距论”和“共同富裕论”这两大“理论阀门”的不断调节来解决。     

税法的平衡问题探讨

行政法平衡论对我国正在大力推行的“依法治税”有非常重要的意义。“依法治税”既不能依“治民之法” ,也不能依“治吏之法” ,只能依“平衡之法” ;合理配置征纳双方的权力 (利 ) ,就可能使纳税人享有的宪法性权力(利 )和程序性权力 (利 )在总体上能与税务机关享有的充分而强有力的征税权相抗衡 ,只要双方积极行使在总体上能与对方相抗衡的权力 (利 ) ,税法便会在这两种张力下形成平衡 ;另外 ,税法的平衡还应该注意授权立法和地方立法的平衡。