Americanisation,sovietisation, and resistance at Kabul University: limits of the educational reforms

The paper compares the American and Soviet transformations at Kabul University, Afghanistan, during the 1960s to the 1980s explained in terms of Americanisation and Sovietisation. Using new declassified documents from both American and former Soviet archives, the author reveals that both powers attempted to impose their rival models of university education in Afghanistan. However, resistance on the part of the Afghan university undermined both of their cultural influences, thus causing their policies of reform to eventually fail. The case of Kabul University demonstrates the inability of the superpowers to encourage the formation of pliable students and professors. Despite crucial transformations in the structure, administration apparatus, and content of disciplines, both superpowers were not able to change the traditions and values of professors and students. The university community has been proven to be the main cause for the success or failure of any reforms brought to a university by external powers.     

微小型脉动热管的传热性能实验研究

本文针对毛细管结构变化会影响其性能这一问题，对毛细管截面为正方形和正三角形，水力直径为1mm左右的微小型脉动热管的传热性能进行了实验研究。结果表明，角管脉动热管底加热时的性能明显优于顶加热；正方形截面角管水平放置也能够运行；三角形截面脉动热管的热阻比正方形截面脉动热管的热阻更低。脉动热管在水力直径为1.5mm时比1mm时的性能要好。     

电沉积法修复混凝土裂缝的初步进展

电沉积法是通过电解作用把某些物质沉积在电极的表面，利用这一方法可以愈合混凝土的裂缝，它具有独特的优势，特别适用于传统的修复技术难以奏效的海工混凝土结构。本文对国内外利用电沉积法修复混凝土裂缝的研究进行了评述，并介绍了近年来在国家自然科学基金资助下我们在这一领域取得的最新研究成果。     

Dealing with ‘fragile identities’: resistance and refiguring in women mathematics students

Many learners may be successful in mathematics but nevertheless see themselves as existing only on the margins of the practice, or as lacking stability in it – in this sense, they have what can be called a fragile identity. Although this kind of relationship with mathematics is not limited to girls and women, they do appear to express such fragile identities more often or more readily. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data from undergraduates in three English universities, this paper presents an analysis of the way in which university mathematics is differentially experienced by men and women, and of the part this may play in women’s ongoing narratives of self as mathematicians. It is suggested that some women resist traditional positionings in the mathematics world, drawing on local resources which enable a sense of agency as successful students and a refiguring of their relationships with mathematics.     

少林僧兵与明嘉靖抗倭之研究

明朝嘉靖年间,倭患严重,军民联合展开了轰轰烈烈的抗倭斗争,最终取得了胜利.在抗倭过程中,少林僧兵在护国及积极入世思想的驱使下,积极参与,驰骋疆场,奋勇杀敌,不仅沉重打击了倭寇的入侵,而且也为自身赢得了声誉.     

基于阻力和EEDI的船舶主尺度要素多学科设计优化

为寻找高效节能船舶主尺度要素,以一艘多用途船作为研究对象,从多学科设计优化的角度入手,根据普鲁哈斯卡假设和三因次换算方法将船舶阻力参数化,采用等效能效指数将船舶能效设计指数(energy efficiency design index,EEDI)参数化,使其均为船舶主尺度要素函数。选用合适的多学科设计优化模型,运用第二代非支配排序遗传算法(second generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,NSGA-II)得到优化的船舶主尺度要素。对原船进行船型变换,得到优化船。利用CFD进行数值模拟,验证优化船的阻力性能和EEDI优于原船的阻力性能和EEDI,达到优化的目的。     

心力衰竭患者实施抗阻训练的研究进展

对抗阻练习干预心力衰竭患者的相关研究进行回顾,总结目前的研究成果。前人的研究报告显示,实施抗阻训练（或与耐力训练相结合）可使心衰患者稳定状态下工作负荷增加、安静心率降低、VO2max提高、骨骼肌力量增大、行走机械效率提高、生活质量得到不同程度的改善;但是其内在作用机制目前尚不清楚,还需进一步研究。     

抗阻训练对机体代谢的影响

通过运用抗阻训练的原理,阐述说明其对人体代谢过程的独立积极作用：能有效改善身体成分;能优先减少内脏和腹部皮下脂肪,减少机体的脂肪组织,有效降低血糖、血脂的水平;在有代谢性危险人群,减少脂肪组织和提高控制血糖能力,抗阻训练具有重要的意义。     

弹力带阻抗健身操健身功效研究

应用人体测量法和运动干预实验方法,通过对弹力带阻抗健身体操运动方案的分析,探讨"有氧、力量和伸拉"练习的可兼容性,研发新颖有趣的弹力带健身方法,并实证其健身效果,旨在为女性健身和锻炼提供参考。主要结论:1)弹力带阻抗练习可通过新颖多样的"操化"运动方式,使"抗阻、有氧和伸拉"练习得以兼容;2)弹力带阻抗健身体操能有效降低身体脂肪比例,对女性形态具有良好的减脂塑型效果,尤其是上肢,其次是小腿和腰部;3)该操对四肢和腹背部肌肉力量产生不同程度的影响。其中,左臂、右腿肌肉力量以及腹部肌肉的力量和耐力效果明显,同时,身体的灵敏性得到同步发展。     

肱骨外上髁炎的推拿与抗阻运动康复研究

目的:探讨肱骨外上髁炎原发性与继发性的诊断与鉴别诊断,运用推拿手法与抗阻运动治疗肱骨外上髁炎,寻找最佳手法与运动康复方法。方法:肱骨外上髁炎患者22例,为期3 d一次共10次的推拿手法治疗。2 d一次共25次抗阻运动康复训练。分别在实验结束和结束后的3个月时统计治疗结果。结果:22例肱骨外上髁炎患者,有原发性肱骨外上髁炎4例、继发性6例、继发并原发性12例。实验结束时,痊愈15例占68.18%、显效4例占18.18%、有效3例占13.63%、mills征检查21人阴性占95.45%。3个月时,痊愈17例占77.28%、显效5例占22.72%、mills征检查阴性21人占95.45%。结论:对肱骨外上髁炎的治疗,关键在于发病性质诊断与鉴别诊断,根据不同的发病因素应有相应的推拿手法方案。抗阻运动提高了患肢的肌肉力量和质量,对不同发病性质的肱骨外上髁炎均有显著疗效。