Question‐posing and question‐responding: the heart of ‘Possibility Thinking’ in the early years

Drawing on research that sought to explore the characteristics of ‘Possibility Thinking’ as central to creativity in young children's learning, this paper considers question‐posing and question‐responding as the driving features of ‘Possibility Thinking’ (PT). This qualitative study employed micro‐event analysis of peer and pupil–teacher interaction. Events were sampled from two early years settings in England, one a Reception classroom (4‐ to 5‐year olds) and the other a Year 2 classroom (6‐ to 7‐year olds). This article arises out of the second stage of an ongoing research programme (2004–2007) involving the children and practitioners in these settings. This phase considers the dimensions of question‐posing and the categories of question‐responding and their interrelationship within PT. Three dimensions of questioning were identified as characteristic of PT. These included: (i) question framing, reflecting the purpose inherent within questions for adults and children (including leading, service and follow‐through questions); (ii) question degree: manifestation of the degree of possibility inherent in children's questions (including possibility narrow, possibility moderate, possibility broad); (iii) question modality, manifestation of the modality inherent in children's questions (including verbal and non‐verbal forms). The fine‐grained data analysis offers insight into how children engage in PT to meet specific needs in responding to creative tasks and activities and reveals the crucial role that question‐posing and question‐responding play in creative learning. It also provides more detail about the nature of young children's thinking, made visible through question‐posing and responding in engaging playful contexts.     

实践教学中创新创业教育体系构建

建立创新型国家,必须依托高校培养大批创新创业人才,高校的创新创业教育必须以实践教学为中心进行创新。应该从教育理念构建、教学体系构建、管理体系构建三个方面来构建创新创业教育体系,才能培养具有创新创业能力的复合型人才。     

对大学生创业型教育的思考

大学要成为创造型人才成长的摇篮和"创业者的熔炉",开展创业教育是目前各高校亟待解决的重要工作。通过创业教育强化在校学生的创业意识,扩大其就业渠道,实现发展教育创新与经济发展的互动。高校应改变传统教育观念,积极探索对大学生进行创业教育的途径和方法。     

La eficacia de un modelo de instrucción directa en la enseñanza de la comprensión de ideas principales

RESUMEN

La comprensión de las ideas principales es una destreza lectora importante, y suele ser lo que discrimina los buenos lectores de los deficientes. El propósito de este estudio es desarrollar un método de instrucción directa para enseñar a los niños la comprensión de las ideas principales, y evaluar su eficacia frente al método tradicional (instrucción por medio de libros de lectura básicos). El grupo entrenado (grupo estrategia) con instrucción directa rindió mejor en la aptitud para recoger las ideas principales que el grupo básico (que siguió el método tradicional) y adquirieron estas destrezas con mayor profundidad y comprensión. Pero no hubo diferencias en la aptitud para las ideas principales en el recuerdo.     

Our teachers want to be the best: on the necessity of intra‐professional reflection about moral ideals of teaching

Teaching is a significant social good and therefore teachers as well as the state have to take responsibility for guarding the moral quality of the teaching practice. Based on this premise, the article describes and defends the view that these parties have their own particular role by means of literature review and theoretical and practical arguments.

The role of the state is necessarily limited to defining minimal moral rules and obligations, because in liberal Western democracies morality is codified in law to a minimal degree. The state also has practical reasons for such a confined position, among which are the complexities of professional practice and its implied tacit knowledge.

Teachers have to take responsibility for constructing the full width of professional morality, but particularly for defining its optimal or aspirational dimension. This dimension comprises the virtues deemed important for teachers as well as their professional ideals. Whereas the literature on professional ethics of teachers is relatively silent about professional ideals, several arguments are provided for the importance of ideals for teachers.

The final part of the article defends the claim that teachers have to articulate their professional ideals through intra‐professional dialogue. Again, theoretical and practical arguments are provided, for instance that such a debate provokes teachers to think about the best aims and means of their profession and that it contributes to the sense and meaning of their work. The article ends with some practical implications of the theoretical exposé.     

创新型应用人才素质与培养理念探讨

文章通过对工程和创新内涵的分析,总结创新型应用人才所应具备的素质,并根据创新型工程人才的成长规律从提高工科学生工程意识和责任感、工程实践能力和工程创新能力等三个方面探讨培养卓越工程师后备人才的教学理念,以期为相应的教学改革与实施提供参考。     

怀特海CSL理论对英美文学教学的启示

怀特海主义的创造性综合教育理论的本质内涵是在好奇心的旅程上,在问题的共同体中,在发现的历险和概括的洞见中解决问题和培育学生。其核心概念对英语专业英美文学教学有着重要的启发。在这教育理论基础上,教师和学生怀着好奇和问题意识共同进行历险的发现之旅,以培养学生面向未来的探索精神、批判意识和思辨能力。而在具体课堂教学中,教师要重视方法论的策略,重视文学教学中阅读、思考和写作的过程教育一体化,以真正实现文学的内在功用并诠释大学的理念与责任。     

唐山工业遗产与文化创意产业融合发展研究

唐山工业遗产与文化创意产业融合呈现出多样化趋势,文章在分析两者融合的条件因素的基础上,总结出两者融合主要的三种模式:即博物馆暨创意产业园模式、工业遗产旅游模式和公共文化空间模式,并提出了"一点一线一面一创新"的发展思路:即以工业遗产为出发点,完善产业链,建立产业集群,利用科技创新。     

初中数学教师教学观念与教学行为的落差分析--基于十五节初中数学课堂教学录像的分析

教学观念是关于教学的看法和思想,是人们思考教学问题获得的结果。课程改革以来,广大初中数学教师积极学习课程标准所倡导的教学理念,并逐步内化为自己的教学观念,指导自己的课堂教学行为。但鉴于教学观念与教学行为之间的落差,导致课堂教学产生不少问题。调查初中数学教师对教学理念的认可程度以及对教学行为的自我评价,找出教学观念与教学行为之间的差距,以及这种差距在课堂教学中的具体体现。为此,在教学中教师应注意：（1）设计教学目标的同时,要设计与其相适应的教学内容、教学过程和教学策略;（2）自主探究教学要保证学生有充分的探究时间;（3）尝试多给学生自主学习的机会,多进行个别指导,真正实现以学生为主体;（4）以学生的认知特点和认知水平为基准,精选教学内容。     

社会工作方法与高校荣辱观教育的创新研究

高校思想政治教育的传统工作方式,妨碍了高校荣辱观教育的宣传和发展,因此,改革和创新高校荣辱观教育工作迫在眉睫。在高校荣辱观教育工作中,借鉴社会工作中乐于服务的敬业观念、平等待人的观念和受教育者自主决定的观念。引进个案工作和团体工作方法,可以有效地更新思想政治教育者的价值理念,丰富思想政治教育的内容,改进思想政治教育的方式,提高高校荣辱观教育的效果。