论竞技体育的刑法调整

我国竞技体育正逐步走上市场化、商业化道路。体育法制的滞后,导致近年来竞技体育犯罪呈多样化、复杂化的上升趋势。因此有必要研究体育与法律,研究现行刑法在竞技体育中的适用,研究竞技体育中创新刑法规制,力求建立一个比较完善的法律机制对竞技体育犯罪加以调控,对竞技体育市场加以规范,以促进我国体育事业的蓬勃发展。     

非法集资类案件的数额认定模式选择——学科差异造成的司法窘境

不同学科下,对资产的界定存在差异,导致司法实践中,犯罪数额的认定机制失衡。根据对被告人有力原则应采取资产评估学科模式来界定犯罪资产。     

试论犯罪实行行为着手的含义

犯罪实行行为的着手是确定犯罪实行行为已经开始的标志,是区分犯罪预备和犯罪未遂形态的唯一判断方法。因此,对着手的认定是犯罪实行行为的核心问题。传统德日刑法理论关于着手的认定主要有主观说、客观说和折中说,但是都具有种种缺陷,导致无法科学地认定着手。我国刑法理论的通说对于着手含义的理解是正确的,既是主客观相统一,又是事实判断与价值判断的统一。     

宋代司法对继母家庭内部犯罪的差异性规定

继母在宋代社会是一个特殊的群体。她在家庭中虽享有主母地位,在实际司法中却与亲母存在一定差异。这种差异在涉及家庭内部犯罪时表现得最为突出,具体来说,继母的法律地位要明显低于亲母,且继母与亲母所犯罪行相同时,继母所受的刑罚要明显重于亲母。此举虽看似有失公允,但实际上将继母进行差异化处理,对于夫家和国家来说都是十分必要的。     

Examining the effects of news coverage linking undocumented immigrants with criminality: Policy and punitive implications

Although research suggests that there is no meaningful real-world connection between crime rates and undocumented immigrants, media coverage of this group almost exclusively portrays them as criminals. The present two-study investigation experimentally tests the effects of exposure to crime news depicting undocumented immigrant suspects on White viewers’ social judgments. To this end, assumptions from social identity theory were applied to research and theorizing on mediated intergroup threat and compound penalties for immigrant criminality. Results from Study 1 and Study 2 indicate that when White viewers are exposed to threatening crime news featuring undocumented immigrants, out-group bias emerges in the form of harsher sentencing. In Study 1, when exposed to highly threatening coverage, attitudes toward immigration and in-group identification partially mediated and moderated this relationship, respectively.     

冤假错案的成因及对策

审视近年来不断披露的冤假错案,不难发现任何一起冤假错案的形成都不是偶然的,而是各种因素合力作用的结果,尤其是应当对冤假错案的发生起着重要防范作用的审判环节,却因未能将程序公正的价值根植于法官内心,导致疑罪从无、非法证据排除、审判依法独立等原则在具体的审判实践中无法实现,是一批冤假错案发生的主要根源。需要坚持疑罪从无、非法证据排除、依法独立行使审判权三大原则,以求将冤假错案的发生率控制在最低的限度内。     

“青少年犯罪”概念之解析

"青少年犯罪"这一概念在犯罪学中占有极为重要之地位,其抓住了青少年群体的特殊性,具有合理性与独有优势,而解析此概念是研究青少年犯罪现象的重要前提,具体而言,"青少年犯罪"中青少年的范围应在十四岁到二十五岁之间,犯罪一概念应当做广义理解,同时包括违法行为和严重违反道德的具有社会危害性的行为,刑法中明确规定的罪行只是其典型形态。     

论未成年人强制性教育措施——兼论与社区矫正之契合

未成年人强制性教育措施具有灵活、开放和有效的特性,在预防犯罪、维护社会稳定方面发挥着重要作用,但却存在一定程度的滥用。未成年人社区矫正的推行更是加剧了其适用方式的错位与失衡。引入社区矫正,推动未成年人强制性教育措施的去行政化、社会化和多样化。通过两者的衔接与契合,实现对该措施的改造。     

Childhood trauma and neighborhood-level crime interact in predicting adult posttraumatic stress and major depression symptoms

Previous research has identified several individual-level factors that modify the risk of childhood trauma on adult psychiatric symptoms, including symptoms of major depression (MD) and posttraumatic stress (PTS). Neighborhood-level factors also influence the impact of individual-level exposures on adult psychopathology. However, no prior studies to our knowledge have explored cross-level interactions between childhood trauma and neighborhood-level factors on MD and PTS symptoms. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore cross-level interactions between a neighborhood-level factor – neighborhood-level crime – and childhood trauma on MD and PTS symptoms. Participants in this study (N = 3192) were recruited from a large public hospital, and completed self-report inventories of childhood trauma and MD and PTS symptoms. Participant addresses were mapped onto 2010 census tracts, and data on crime within each tract were collected. Multilevel models found a significant cross-level interaction between childhood trauma and neighborhood crime on MD symptoms, such that the influence of high levels of childhood trauma on MD symptoms was enhanced for participants living in high-crime neighborhoods. Supplementary analyses found variation in the strength of cross-level interaction terms by types of childhood trauma and crime, with the strongest associations including emotional neglect paired with personal and property crime. The results provide preliminary support for interventions that help childhood trauma survivors find housing in less vulnerable neighborhoods and build skills to cope with neighborhood crime.     

德日刑法学中的财产罪保护法益问题之比较

财产罪侵害何种法益是以德日为代表的大陆法系国家刑法理论上早有争议的问题。在德国有法律的财产说、经济的财产说和法律的经济的财产说之争，在日本则有本权说、占有说及各种修正说之论。争论的实质在于：是扩大、缩小、还是适当限制财产罪的处罚范围。从马克思主义关于犯罪本质的学说而论，财产罪的本质是侵犯财产所有权，似乎本权说更为可取；刑法的廉谦抑性原则也要求对财产罪的处罚范围加以限制，采取本权说更符合刑法的精神。但对传统的本权说应该作适当的修正。