软件工程的历史与发展趋势

软件是一种特殊的产品,随着其规模和复杂性的提高、使用范围的扩大,需要从技术和管理两方面对软件的开发过程进行控制。从软件工程这门学科和技术出现的背景出发,回顾了软件工程在近40年来理论、方法和实践中的成果。最后结合Internet技术和平台的挑战,初步讨论了软件工程需要面对的新挑战。     

和谐社会视野中的生态政治建设

生态危机是人与自然、人与人关系的双重异化。和谐社会应当包括人与自然以及生态主义视野下的人与人的和谐，建设生态政治是构建现代和谐社会的必要内容。生态政治不仅着眼于目前生态问题的解决，更是实现发展可续和生态公正的政治保障机制。建立生态文化，建设生态政府以及发展基层民主政治是目前建设生态政治的路径选择，三个方面各有意义，又相互关联、相互促进。     

道家适欲观对现代生态伦理的启示

现代生态危机根源于人类欲望的过度膨胀,生态环境的恶化与人类精神的堕落实际上是同步进行的,生态危机的实质就是人类的精神危机,人类期待着一场真正的"精神革命"。道家"适欲"思想蕴含着丰富的生态智慧,为现代人提供了一种可贵的"心灵环保"理念,对于解决现代生态危机具有根本性的意义。人类应该重新审视其消费观念,改变其消费方式,重新看待生命的价值和意义,自觉选择一种简朴而有节制、更人性化而身心自在的生活,也是对生态保护最有利、最有价值的生活。     

危机状态下的角色划分及影响机制

危机状态下危机的影响,根据不同的组织及个人在危机状态下受到的影响和做出反应的不同可划分为9种角色,各个角色之间主要涉及到16种危机影响流。不同影响流的表现形式差异较大。这种基于危机角色和影响流来解释危机影响的方法,考虑了不同角色在危机事件中的付出与接受,易于解释危机影响的作用机制和计算危机所带来的各种影响。     

Key Concepts From Health Promotion Evaluations: What Psychology Needs to Know

Competing perspectives and debates about the meaning of health promotion and the best ways to evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives that focus on enhancing wellness pervade the literature. Given the emergence of health promotion, the impetus for outcomes-based practice in psychology, and the push for evidence-based care in the health system (Thorogood & Coombes, 2000), demonstrations of value and effectiveness are fundamental to the sustainability of mental health promotion activities. Psychology (and counseling as a sub-set field) needs to place itself as a profession vital to the sustainability of wellness initiatives. This paper proposes that psychologists’ awareness and understanding of six key concepts from health promotion evaluation are essential for advancing psychology as a profession and enhancing applied practice for wellness initiatives. The key concepts include: formative, process and outcome evaluations, the qualitative/quantitative debate, the ecological nature, the participatory approach, the focus on community and the underlying philosophies of empowerment and utilization. The use of key concepts from health promotion evaluation strategies support psychologists to a) deal with issues of major public health importance and b) collaborate with other disciplines for the benefit of the public (Sartorius, 1999). Finally, this paper makes recommendations to secure psychology’s place as a vital contributor to future research directions in health promotion, in part because of adherence to the scientist-practitioner model.Whilst Psychology is the generic term used here to represent the broad field, counseling as a sub-set in the discipline is particularly relevant for the ideas and issues discussed. Rather than adding the sub-set qualifier each time the broad field is referred to, the reader in this context is encouraged to hold this perspective of the place of counseling in regard to psychology as they work through the materials presented.     

现代化与中国的生态危机——以太湖水污染为例

今年江苏省无锡市城区的大批市民家中自来水水质突然发生变化,居民饮水发生困难。这是对中国生态危机发出的严重警告。由于现代化的发展,自然环境遭到了严重的破坏,这现代化发展带来的困境。近几年,西方国家对现代性和现代化进行了深刻的反思,我国也需要认真研究现代化及现代性问题,这对改善中国的生态危机具有重要的意义。     

传统危机意识的现代价值及其反思

中国传统文化蕴涵着较为丰富的关于危机的思想理念,主要表现为两个特点:一是自然危机意识与社会危机意识兼具;二是危机的处理和防范注重德性.中国传统危机意识并未在社会发展进程中占主导地位,从思想根源上看乃是"天人合一"的理念所致;从社会根源上看乃是封建专制的弊端所致.当今,在和谐社会构建中,传统危机意识可在以下方面彰显其现代价值:一是善于正视矛盾,居安思危;二是善于处理矛盾,临危不乱;三是善于化解矛盾,以和为贵.     

信用缺失隐含危机 系统治理赖于制度

随着加入WTO和制度创新的深化，我国经济发展整体上继续向好；但现代市场经济的发展有赖于信用的发展；信用缺失伤及经济的根基，隐含着危机。诚实信用，不仅是一种道德规范，更是一种权利与义务、利益与责任的对等关系，信用的治理和建树，有赖于制度体系的架构。     

Expert and Novice Performance: Implications for Clinical Training

Studies of advanced expertise development in a number of areas are reviewed in order to provide general suggestions about the elements of clinical training that might enhance counseling and educational psychology expertise. The emphasis of the discussion is on the connections between classroom instruction and practicum or internship experiences. Recommendations include changes in the sequencing, context, knowledge content, practice conditions, and motivational support provided to students.     

后金融危机时代必须巩固和加强马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位

从美国开始席卷全球的国际金融危机对世界经济发展产生了严重影响,世界各国都受到了较大的冲击,经济明显衰退,中国也受到了较大的影响。在金融危机的冲击下,中国必须巩固和加强马克思主义的指导地位。只有这样,才能保证中国沿着社会主义方向前进。