Why do high jumpers use a curved approach?

Currently, all elite high jumpers use the Fosbury Flop technique with a curved approach. This suggests that the curved approach presents some clear advantage, although there is no general agreement upon the mechanism or the mechanics. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the approach curve and to investigate how it contributes to the generation of somersault rotation. A simple theoretical model was used to demonstrate that a tightening approach curve would change the inward lean towards the centre of the curve into outwards lean. Three-dimensional video analysis was used to record the performances of two elite male high jumpers in competition. It was found that in each case the radius of the approach curve and the inward lean angle both decreased towards the end of the approach. The amount of outward lean angular velocity generated was shown to be a major proportion of the required somersault angular velocity for a jump. It was concluded that the main advantage of a curved approach was that it resulted in the generation of somersault velocity providing the curve tightened towards the end of the approach.     

HACCP原理在绞股蓝茶生产中的应用研究

研究了HACCP体系在绞股蓝茶生产中的应用,进行危害分析(HA),确定关键控制点(CCP),并制定相应控制限值,监控体系。通过建立HACCP计划工作模式,以提高绞股蓝茶生产质量管理水平和产品安全性。     

我国地区R&D效率及其影响因素探究——基于“科研产出—成果转化”视角

基于"科研产出—成果转化"视角,以2000～2008年的面板数据为基础,运用随机前沿分析方法研究了我国各地区R&D效率及其影响因素。研究结果表明:东部地区科研产出和成果转化效率皆高于中西部地区,中部地区科研产出效率高于西部地区,成果转化效率低于西部地区;科研产出的提高呈明显的资金推动型;政府支持力度和企业R&D投入力度对科研产出效率的提高有促进作用但不显著,外资吸纳能力能显著促进科研产出效率的提高,高新技术产业规模反而抑制科研产出效率的提高;政府支持力度、高新技术产业规模以及企业R&D投入力度对我国科研成果转化效率的提高有显著促进作用,外资吸纳能力抑制成果转化效率但不显著。     

评李陈玉之《楚词笺注》

李陈玉《楚词笺注》"自叙"所表达的主要意图是褒"笺"贬"注"。此书褒"笺",重视对作品进行层次分析,值得肯定,但其理论上矫枉过正,实践也并非成功。李氏贬"注",且书中有些"注"确也过于随意、偏激,但不少"注"独创一说,难能可贵。     

Analysing expertise through data mining: an example based on treading water

Abstract

A classification system of treading water based on a conceptual typology was first established and then verified empirically. The typology was established on two concepts: the nature of the forces created within the water and the type of inter-limb coordination used. Thirty-eight participants were videotaped while treading water. Multivariate statistics were used to understand how the different behavioural types related to expertise. Three distinct groups of coordination patterns were adopted during treading water. A support vector machine procedure was used as a confirmatory procedure. The data mining process provides a methodological framework to analyse expertise in sports activities, and in this context suggests that a taxonomy can be established among the numerous coordination solutions that allow humans to create stabilising forces in the water.     

The Development of In-Service Teachers' Knowledge of a Constructivist Approach to Physical Education: Teaching beyond Activities

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to describe three aspects of learning a movement approach that were salient and initially problematic for 1 experienced teacher, 2 early career teachers, and 1 student teacher. A constructivist perspective was the theoretical base. Across 3 years, the researcher conducted 11 weeks of observations, 15 formal interviews, 3 group interviews, and daily informal interviews. Three problematic aspects were: (1) knowing to what extent they should give information and tell children what to do when teaching less structured content, (2) knowing the whole of the approach and how components connected, and (3) knowing content (i.e., pedagogical content knowledge) in enough depth and detail. Knowledge development was facilitated by more experienced teachers, experience, and a set of key ideas.     

Perceptions of African American Faculty in Kinesiology-Based Programs at Predominantly White American Institutions of Higher Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of African American faculty on their organizational socialization in kinesiology-based (i.e., sport pedagogy, exercise physiology, motor behavior, sport management/history) programs at predominantly White American¹ institutions of higher education (PW-IHE). Participants were 9 African American tenure-track faculty members from various kinesiology-based programs at PW-IHE. Data were gathered via interviewing and analyzed within the framework of critical race theory (Ladson-Billings, 2000). Findings are presented using storytelling and thematic narratives. Interviews with the participants revealed four major recurring themes with regard to: (a) resources, opportunities, and power structures; (b) programmatic neglects and faculty mentoring needs; (c) social isolation, disengagement, and intellectual inferiority issues; and (d) double standards, marginalization, and scholarship biases. This study suggests that faculty and administrators at PW-IHE should develop sensitivity toward organizational socialization issues relevant to faculty of color.     

中小学武术教学中渗透思想道德教育

运用文献资料法,论述了武术在现代生活中的作用及中小学武术教学中渗透德育的必要性,探索性地提出了武术教学中加强德育教育的主要内容及实现的主要途径,根据中小学生思想品德发展的特点,找出落脚点,试图提出在中小学武术教学中进行德育教育的主要途径与方法,以期为中小学武术教师在教学实践中提供参考和理论依据.     

Wikipedia,Critical Social Theory,and the Possibility of Rational Discourse 1

Information systems researchers that apply critical social perspectives frequently emphasize the potential for information technology to serve as a mechanism for increased rationalization, domination, and control. Such theorists often overlook or discount the liberating aspects of information systems. In this study, we apply the ideal of rational discourse developed by Jürgen Habermas to the phenomenon of Wikipedia in an effort to explore empirically the emancipatory potential of information systems. We contend that Wikipedia embodies an approximation of the necessary conditions for rational discourse. While several challenges persist, the example of Wikipedia illustrates the positive potential of information systems in supporting the emergence of more emancipatory forms of communication. The corresponding implications for researchers and design professionals alike are discussed.