高校文科非哲学专业逻辑学教学改革新探

逻辑学教学改革由来已久,但始终没有达成共识,＂传统＂与＂现代＂之争还在继续,但或许此时我们该重新审视此争论并提出新的改革方案。为此,在已有教学实践的基础上,对高校文科非哲学专业逻辑学教学从教学目标、学生需求、学生可接受程度三个方面进行分析,提出了将形式逻辑与非形式逻辑（批判性思维）结合在逻辑学这一课程名称之下的改革方案,并具体分析了改革后逻辑学课程设置、教学内容的选择、教学方法的运用、教师队伍建设、教材编写几个方面的内容。     

教师发展阶段理论综述及发展水平模型的构建

一、研究源起 教师的专业成熟要经过一个长期的发展过程,从一个新教师成长为一个合格的、优秀的教师乃至知名的教育家,不是一蹴而就的,就专业成熟的过程而言,需要经历一个发展阶段。因此,对教师成长的周期和规律的研究,有助于为教师指明个人的专业发展道路,为教师的专业学习和训练提供需要的基本内容。     

向死而生的狂欢——对杨昭中篇小说《日蚀》的深度解读

以《日蚀》为标本,解析杨昭小说写作思想的根源,透视"新现实主义"在新世纪文坛视域下的拓展维度,从而再次观照中国继鲁迅以来对国民性探索的当下性创作。     

谈高职英语专业学生英语演讲能力的培养

社会经济发展越来越要求高职英语专业学生拥有良好的英语演讲能力。培养高职英语专业学生的英语演讲能力,应充分利用课堂教学阵地和校园文化平台,从提高英语语言水平、强化演讲心理素质、增强创新思辨能力三个方面着手。     

2000—2015年中国铜废碎料贸易及效益风险分析

铜是具有重要战略意义的关键金属。中国长期以来进口“六类废杂铜”和“七类废杂铜”两种废碎料来冶炼再生铜。本文基于海关贸易和有色金属工业统计数据,利用物质流分析和生命周期评价方法研究了铜废碎料贸易的资源、环境和经济效益以及环境与健康风险。结果显示：①2000—2015年,中国累计进口铜废碎料实物量6680万t,其中含金属铜约2000万t,占同期国内再生铜累计产量的56%;②相比利用铜矿石生产精炼铜,利用进口铜废碎料生产再生铜在非生物性资源消耗、温室效应和人体毒性等方面减少了一系列环境影响,同时累计节约铜矿山投资成本约580亿美元。然而,进口的“七类废杂铜”在带来资源效益的同时也造成严重的区域性环境与健康风险：一是进口低品位铜废碎料中夹杂大量有机物,在拆解和熔炼过程中容易产生二恶英等有毒有害物质;二是部分工业园区和小企业在工艺、技术、空间布局和生产管理等方面的落后引发了局部地区较为严重的环境和健康危害。因此,建议辩证和全面地认识铜废碎料进口带来的效益和风险,在坚决禁止进口“以回收铜为主的废电机、电线、电缆和五金电器”这些“七类废杂铜”的同时,继续利用进口“六类废杂铜”作为重要的铜资源,以降低中国对原生铜矿石的依赖以及造成的采矿和原矿冶炼阶段的环境影响。     

Physiological responses in different intensities of resistance exercise – Critical load and the effects of aging process

Aim was to identify critical load (CL) in young and elderly apparently healthy male cohorts. To contrast the metabolic, cardiovascular and perceptual responses on CL according to age. We evaluated 12 young (23 ± 3 years) and 10 elderly (70 ± 2 years) apparently healthy active males, who underwent: (1) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test on a 45° Leg Press; (2) on different days, three high-intensity resistance exercise constant load tests (60%, 75% and 90% 1RM) until fatigue (Tlim). Absolute values of both the CL asymptote and curvature constant (kg) were significantly lower in elderly subjects (P < 0.05). In contrast, elderly subjects demonstrated a significantly higher number of repetitions at CL when compared with young subjects (P < 0.05). As expected, oxygen uptake (VO₂) and heart rate (HR) during maximal aerobic exercise testing were significantly reduced in older subjects. However, percent-predicted aerobic capacity were higher in older subjects (P < 0.05). In addition, blood lactate ([La^?]) corrected to Tlim and rating of perceived exertion values were greater in younger subjects at all intensities (P < 0.05). These findings, despite reduced force production in older subjects, endurance-related parameters are well preserved according to age-adjusted percent-predicted values in apparently healthy males.     

In defence of white privilege: physical education teachers’ understandings of their work in culturally diverse schools

Research suggests that physical education (PE) in Western countries is not providing equitable experiences for non-white students. Responsibility for shortcomings has often been ascribed to white PE teachers. Scholars have claimed that teachers lack cultural competence and know little about how physical cultures or health are understood by the young people with whom they work. The objective of this investigation was to investigate this claim and generate an understanding of how white PE teachers in a culturally diverse high school make sense of their work with non-white students. Data with three Swedish teachers of varying experience were produced using semi-structured interviewing. A series of school visits provided a complementary line of data. Four themes emerged from the data. These related to: (1) differences between white and non-white values; (2) the knowledge and dispositions necessary for success in PE; (3) the broad purpose of PE, and; (4) the differences between boys’ and girls’ experiences of PE. Data were interpreted using a Critical Race Theory (CRT) perspective, with the notion of ‘whiteness’ providing a specific analytic concept. The general thesis developed in the second part of the paper is that problems result not from insensitivity or incompetence but from discourses of whiteness in which many teachers live and work. By building on critical research both in general education and physical education literature and by utilizing whiteness as an analytical concept, the investigation shows how three PE teachers draw extensively on the racial discourse of whiteness and how this disadvantages non-white students. The paper is concluded with a consideration of how racial disadvantage could be challenged or disrupted.     

Network ethnography applied: understanding the evolving health and physical education knowledge landscape

The progressively global, neoliberal, privatised, and digital education environment poses new methodological challenges for educational researchers, prompting a need to innovate. It has been suggested, however, that better commentary and reflection on methodological innovation in education is required. This paper considers the benefits and challenges associated with the use of network ethnography, one methodological approach that has emerged to address new social complexities. We explain the rationale for, and process of, this methodology through reference to an illustrative case: a network ethnography of the outsourcing of Health and Physical Education (HPE) curricular work to external providers. In doing this we map and critique three interrelated activities (i.e. Internet searches, interviews, and network diagram construction) that constituted our network ethnography. The discussion turns to how network ethnography allowed us to access new knowledge about the outsourcing of HPE curricular work to external providers by, for example, facilitating us in asking different questions, and foregrounding various stakeholders, networks and relationships that we may not have discovered had we relied on other approaches. This illustrative case demonstrates the capacity of network ethnography to generate rich data and offers a provocation for educational researchers to consider expanding their methodological repertoire.     

Influence of upright versus time trial cycling position on determination of critical power and W′ in trained cyclists

Body position is known to alter power production and affect cycling performance. The aim of this study was to compare mechanical power output in two riding positions, and to calculate the effects on critical power (CP) and W′ estimates. Seven trained cyclists completed three peak power output efforts and three fixed-duration trial (3-, 5- and 12-min) riding with their hands on the brake lever hoods (BLH), or in a time trial position (TTP). A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that mean power output during the 5-min trial was significantly different between BLH and TTP positions, resulting in a significantly lower estimate of CP, but not W′, for the TTP trial. In addition, TTP decreased the performance during each trial and increased the percentage difference between BLH and TTP with greater trial duration. There were no differences in pedal cadence or heart rate during the 3-min trial; however, TTP results for the 12-min trial showed a significant fall in pedal cadence and a significant rise in heart rate. The findings suggest that cycling position affects power output and influences consequent CP values. Therefore, cyclists and coaches should consider the cycling position used when calculating CP.     

华北山前平原农田关键带观测研究平台（栾城关键带观测平台）

中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站(以下简称"栾城站")位于华北太行山前冲洪积平原的中段,是地下水灌区高产农业生态类型的典型代表。由于近几十年来大规模、高强度的农业生产,区域地下水超采严重,地下水污染风险加剧。然而,人类活动影响下的地表生态系统与地下含水层被厚包气带隔开,地表农业生产活动对地下水水量和水质的影响机理尚不明确。目前,开展贯穿整个包气带的原位监测试验,是揭示这一过程机理的唯一途径。因此,建立大型农田关键带观测平台,是开展农业与地下水关系研究的重要需求。在中国科学院野外站网络重点科技基础设施建设项目的支持下,栾城站建设的"栾城关键带观测平台",通过对作物根系层—深层包气带—饱和带的土壤水、热、溶质等关键要素和变量的监测,可开展水分、溶质和污染物在厚包气带内的运移、转化规律研究,揭示饱和—非饱和过渡带水文过程及其与地下水补给关系,阐明农田生产活动的水肥迁移、转化及其对地下水量质变化的影响机制,为回答地表过程对地下水量质演化影响机理提供实验平台支持。