Influence of upright versus time trial cycling position on determination of critical power and W′ in trained cyclists

Body position is known to alter power production and affect cycling performance. The aim of this study was to compare mechanical power output in two riding positions, and to calculate the effects on critical power (CP) and W′ estimates. Seven trained cyclists completed three peak power output efforts and three fixed-duration trial (3-, 5- and 12-min) riding with their hands on the brake lever hoods (BLH), or in a time trial position (TTP). A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that mean power output during the 5-min trial was significantly different between BLH and TTP positions, resulting in a significantly lower estimate of CP, but not W′, for the TTP trial. In addition, TTP decreased the performance during each trial and increased the percentage difference between BLH and TTP with greater trial duration. There were no differences in pedal cadence or heart rate during the 3-min trial; however, TTP results for the 12-min trial showed a significant fall in pedal cadence and a significant rise in heart rate. The findings suggest that cycling position affects power output and influences consequent CP values. Therefore, cyclists and coaches should consider the cycling position used when calculating CP.     

Physiological responses in different intensities of resistance exercise – Critical load and the effects of aging process

Aim was to identify critical load (CL) in young and elderly apparently healthy male cohorts. To contrast the metabolic, cardiovascular and perceptual responses on CL according to age. We evaluated 12 young (23 ± 3 years) and 10 elderly (70 ± 2 years) apparently healthy active males, who underwent: (1) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test on a 45° Leg Press; (2) on different days, three high-intensity resistance exercise constant load tests (60%, 75% and 90% 1RM) until fatigue (Tlim). Absolute values of both the CL asymptote and curvature constant (kg) were significantly lower in elderly subjects (P < 0.05). In contrast, elderly subjects demonstrated a significantly higher number of repetitions at CL when compared with young subjects (P < 0.05). As expected, oxygen uptake (VO₂) and heart rate (HR) during maximal aerobic exercise testing were significantly reduced in older subjects. However, percent-predicted aerobic capacity were higher in older subjects (P < 0.05). In addition, blood lactate ([La^?]) corrected to Tlim and rating of perceived exertion values were greater in younger subjects at all intensities (P < 0.05). These findings, despite reduced force production in older subjects, endurance-related parameters are well preserved according to age-adjusted percent-predicted values in apparently healthy males.     

蕴涵与寻绎：文化传承视阈下沧州武术戏的文化探微

运用文献资料法和田野调查法,从武术与戏曲结合的历史梳理入手,对沧州武术戏的起源和原初形态进行考察,总结了其原初形态的艺术特征.进而指出,侠义精神是武术戏推崇和宣扬的重要价值取向;沧州尚武的地缘文化造就了武术戏戏武结合重在武的形式特征;在唱腔与乐器配置、服装与器械使用、递帖与剧目搬演、互动与传承方式等方面都展现出浓郁的武术文化气息和历史印痕.     

Editorial statement

Grounded in the interdisciplinary educational work of Cultural Studies, this paper examines the pedagogical potentials of narrative and performance for the teaching of writing as a mode of public discourse. Guided to address a wide readership, students engage in critical communication aimed at linking self inquiry and narrative discourse to the contextual analysis of the social. Drawing on research findings derived from the undergraduate teaching of cultural criticism as a genre of public writing at Lingnan University, Hong Kong, we look at how educational drama mediates the work of narrative and performative acts involving the young learner-writers and contributes to the shaping of a dialogic mode of address and communication, thus articulating the process and impact of writing to the public-oriented discourse in Cultural Studies education. In light of such acts in critical discourse and imagination targeted at the potential reader, we show how the young writers' own engagement with critical thinking and communication are opened up by drama-in-education adopted in the class, and argue how, in this sense, both writing and its learning process become effective stages in the making of the kind of cultural criticism we want to help students to learn.     

武术进入全国各大高校、中小学必要性之研究

在我国以奥运项目为主体的情况下,在西方体育与韩国跆拳道、日本剑道与空手道、泰国泰拳等亚洲武技的激烈冲击下,属于中华民族的武术该如何生存与发展？是自生自灭还是在国家强有力的政策干预下得到传承与发展,是否对人类有所贡献？文章运用文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑分析等方法,对中国武术进入学校必要性进行研究与分析,希望得到国家与各学校领导的重视,让中国武术得以发扬光大。     

浅析中华武德之传承

文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法,一方面辩证地诠释了武德的内涵,另一方面,从发展的角度论证中华武德的传承问题。阐述武德在不同历史时期,由于社会环境不同而有着不同的道德要求。对待武德问题应该本着解放思想、求真务实的态度,把武技和德行更好地融合在一起,从而促进中华武术的发展。     

传统武术可持续发展的对策研究

文章运用文献法及逻辑学方法,对影响传统武术可持续发展的主要因素进行了归纳分析,提出传统武术可持续发展的出路在于:成立传统武术民间组织;加强传统武术的理论、技术、传播等方面的科学研究;积极开创"以武养武"商业平台;争取政府的政策支持。     

传播学视域下民族传统体育文化传承发展的困境与疏解*

基于传播学视角,分析民族传统体育文化传承发展的困境,主要体现在：传播主体定位存在偏差;传播路径较为狭窄;传播运行机制不畅;传播技巧缺乏创新性。提出了疏解对策,主要是：创新理念,科学定位;强化媒介,拓宽路径;完善机制、双方互动;创新方法、提升质量,推动民族传统体育创造性传承和创新性发展。     

Cloning the Blairs: New Labour's programme for the re-socialization of working-class parents

In his speech to the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) in July 1999, the UK Secretary of State for Education, David Blunkett, set out New Labour's vision for a system of education in which there is ‘excellence for the many not just the few’. He outlined what is essentially a bi-focal strategy for achieving this vision. The first focus is on the education system itself, the structures and practices that New Labour believes need to be in place if schools and services are going to meet the needs of all children and not just a privileged minority. The second focus is on the need to promote ‘a culture of achievement’, as, according to Blunkett, the vision ‘depends on changing attitudes as well as the system itself’. This paper focuses on this second strategy, more specifically the government's attempts to change the attitudes of parents. It is argued that this strategy aims to eradicate class differences by reconstructing and transforming working-class parents into middle-class ones, that it represents possibly the most important and far-reaching aspect of New Labour's policy agenda, and that it has not so far received the attention it deserves. The paper is in two parts. The first part sets out what is involved in New Labour's programme of re-socialization and explores the mechanisms by which New Labour is attempting to universalize the values, attitudes and behaviour of a certain fraction of middle-class parents. The second part develops a critique of this programme.