Perkin反应合成肉桂酸的工艺研究

采用Perkin反应合成肉桂酸,以苯甲醛和乙酸酐为原料,研究了碱性催化剂无水醋酸钾与无水碳酸钾的催化活性,证实无水碳酸钾的催化活性优于无水醋酸钾。进一步以无水碳酸钾为催化剂,设计正交实验,得到合成肉桂酸的最佳工艺参数。研究结果表明:合成肉桂酸的最佳合成条件为苯甲醛与乙酸酐的摩尔比为1∶3,反应时间为90min,苯甲醛与无水碳酸钾的摩尔比为1∶1,在此条件下所合成的肉桂酸样品,产率61.2%,产品纯度达到97%以上。     

The WIL to learn: students’ perspectives on the impact of work-integrated learning placements on their professional readiness

ABSTRACT

Work-integrated learning (WIL) has assumed life as a central feature of higher education curriculum design in a wide range of disciplines with the ultimate goal of producing work-ready graduates. Under recent Australian government initiatives affecting teacher education, placement forms of WIL have been touted as the panacea for perceived problems with graduate teacher quality; resulting in the national regulation of placement design and length in this discipline. This article reports the findings of a qualitative study into the perspectives of fifteen teacher education students from one regional Australian university. The study investigated these students’ placement experiences and the impact of these experiences on their perceptions of readiness for a career in the teaching profession. Thematic analysis is the method used to identify two key themes in the data collected through semi-structured interviews. Despite recognising the benefits of real-world opportunities for skill development and practice inherent in WIL placement experiences, the study highlights important limitations of these forms of WIL on the development of professional readiness arising from the contextual features of particular placement sites; relationships with workplace supervisors and performance pressure associated with assessment during placements. These findings not only confirm the importance of social processes in the preparation of work-ready graduates but question reliance on placement forms of WIL learning for nurturing graduates’ readiness for professional work.     

Wilful Ignorance and the Emotional Regime of Schools

This article explores how ignorance of vulnerability – particularly of others’ vulnerability – may be produced and maintained in schools, especially in the context of pedagogical engagement with difficult histories. A focus on ignorance forces educators to ask not only about the epistemological presence of ‘difficult knowledge’ in schools, but also how epistemological absences operate affectively, formulating particular ‘emotional regimes’ of ignorance. The article shows how the denial of others’ vulnerability – in the name of race/racism, nation-state/nationalism and the like – invokes and moulds particular emotional regimes that reproduce the ignorance of vulnerability underlying difficult histories. It is argued that only with a systematic analysis of the production and reproduction of emotional regimes of ignorance can educators conceive of vulnerability as being a pedagogical resource for ethical response and political resistance to regimes of ignorance in schools. The article discusses the implications for critical education.     

Extending the classroom walls: using academic blogging as an intervention strategy to improve critical literacy skills with elementary students

‘Academic blogging’ is a way of extending the primary classroom walls and enhancing learning through collaborative reflective responses to open-ended questions from prescribed text. Students learn from each other, develop critical literacy skills, voice their opinions and ask questions through blogging. This pedagogical approach broaches the areas of social media etiquette, cognitive dissonance, Information Communication Technologies, collaborative learning and utilises virtual conversations to deepen student's understanding of text. Through the methodology of Action Research with the spiral steps of; Plan, Act, Observe and Reflect an intervention strategy is devised to improve the critical literacy skills of Year 5 students in the comprehension skills of metacognition and reflection. A strategy was devised that involved the creation of a class blogosphere to share reflective insights on a class novel. While the children's results were positive using this intervention strategy the teacher's own learning as an educator and researcher is evident through this action research project.     

Assessment for Learning: capturing the interest of diverse students on an academic writing module in postgraduate vocational education

This article discusses the complexities surrounding the teaching of a critical thinking and academic writing module on a vocational postgraduate programme. Students enrolled on this programme are strongly industry focused and often fail to see the relevance of such a module, despite the fact that most are international students with English as their second language. Obtaining student buy in has been challenging, and initial feedback from students and discipline lecturers was disappointing. However, this frustration was the trigger for an innovative approach that adopted assessment design as the starting point in the restructuring of the module. The approach is based on the principles underpinning Assessment for Learning. Taking varied student interests and backgrounds into account was crucial in the restructuring and has led to a marked improvement in both the attitude and engagement of students.     

Academic practice as explanatory framework: reconceptualising international student academic engagement and university teaching

This paper joins growing interest in the concept of practice, and uses it to reconceptualise international student engagement with the demands of study at an Australian university. Practice foregrounds institutional structures and student agency and brings together psychologically- and socially-oriented perspectives on international student learning approaches. Utilising discourse theory, practice is defined as habitual and individual instances of socially-contextualised configurations of elements such as actions and interactions, roles and relations, identities, objects, values, and language. In the university context, academic practice highlights the institutionally-sanctioned ways of knowing, doing and being that constitute academic tasks. The concept is applied here to six international students' ‘readings’ of and strategic responses to academic work in a Master of Education course. It is argued that academic practice provides a comprehensive framework for explaining the interface between university academic requirements and international student learning, and the crucial role that teaching has in facilitating the experience.     

Cultivating engineering ethics and critical thinking: a systematic and cross-cultural education approach using problem-based learning

In May 2008, the worst earthquake in more than three decades struck southwest China, killing more than 80,000 people. The complexity of this earthquake makes it an ideal case study to clarify the intertwined issues of ethics in engineering and to help cultivate critical thinking skills. This paper first explores the need to encourage engineering ethics within a cross-cultural context. Next, it presents a systematic model for designing an engineering ethics curriculum based on moral development theory and ethic dilemma analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data from students’ oral and written work were collected and analysed to determine directions for improvement. The paper also presents results of an assessment of this interdisciplinary engineering ethics course. This investigation of a disaster is limited strictly to engineering ethics education; it is not intended to assign blame, but rather to spark debate about ethical issues.     

法兰克福学派批判理论的自然之维——兼议其对威廉·莱斯生态学马克思主义思想的影响

法兰克福学派认为,启蒙催生了现代工业文明的发展,但它也使技术理性成为资产阶级意识形态的内在组成部分和社会控制的工具,这必然会导致自然的异化和人的异化。威廉.莱斯发挥了这一观点,指出＂控制自然＂观念与消费的异化催生了资本主义社会的生态危机。他强调只有实现制度的变革和伦理价值观的转换,才能实现自然和人的解放。这种试图从资本主义制度层面分析生态危机的观点奠定了生态学马克思主义理论成熟形态的基本研究范式。     

批判民族志：教育公平研究的新视角

我国关于教育公平的研究近年来成果颇丰,但是大多数仍然是宏观的政策理论研究,深入到弱势群体的微观实证研究成果还是缺乏。批判民族志主要用于理解和诠释研究对象的生活经历,并通过研究者与研究对象的互动着手改造教育不公平现象,因而可以为我国教育公平研究提供一个新的方法论和研究视角,促进我国教育公平研究的深入有效开展。     

批判性文化意识在大学英语教学中的培养

在英语帝国主义的冲击下,英语国家所承载的文化遍及世界的每个角落,对本上文化和本民族的价值观念带来很大的冲击。批判性文化意识在我国大学英语教学中的培养变得尤为重要。在英语教学的同时,教师可以通过教学内容的选择以及课堂内外文化教学活动的结合,以辩证的态度对待英语国家文化,引导学生批判性的理解、思考中西文化差异,逐步把大学生培养成全球化下的英语专业人才。